Factors Associated with Poor Glycemic and Lipid Levels in Ambulatory Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients in Asmara, Eritrea: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 2

Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses of factors associated with poor glycemic control in DM patients at Halibet Regional Referral Hospital, in Asmara, Eritrea ().

Variables	Glycemic control		Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
	Good	Poor
Sex
Male	39 (23.8)	125 (76.2)	1
Female	33 (22.8)	112 (77.2)	0.77 (0.35–1.69)
Age
<40	3 (18.8)	13 (81.2)	0.92 (0.12-6.73)
41-60	38 (22.4)	132 (77.6)	0.84 (0.35 -2.02)
>60	31 (25.2)	92 (74.8)	1
Duration of DM			1.05 (0.99–1.11)
<10 years	42 (25.8)	121 (74.2)
10-20 years	25 (22.3)	87 (77.7)
> 20 years	5 (14.7)	29 (85.3)
Educational level
Illiterate	12 (25.5)	35 (74.5)	0.18 (0.37-0.92)
Primary	28 (24.8)	85 (75.2)	0.32 (0.08–1.34)
Secondary	24 (24.5)	74 (75.5)	0.22 (0.51–0.92)
Tertiary	8 (15.7)	43 (84.3)	1
Family member with DM
No	50 (25.3)	148 (74.7)	1
Yes	22 (19.8)	89 (80.2)	0.54 (0.24–1.23)
Dieting
No	6 (12.5)	42 (87.5)	1	1
Yes	66 (25.3)	195 (74.7)	1.35 (0.40–4.55)	2.4 (0.84–6.86)
Alcohol
No	56 (23.0)	187 (77.0)	1
Yes	16 (24.2)	50 (75.8)	0.43 (0.13–1.45)
Exercising
No	34 (23.9)	108 (76.1)	1
Yes	38 (22.8)	129 (77.2)	1.01 (0.49–2.11)
Hypertension
No	30 (16.9)	147 (83.1)	1	1
Yes	42 (31.8)	90 (68.2)	1.97 (1.03–3.77)	1.94 (1.06–3.56)
BMI
<25	38 (22.1)	134 (77.9)	1
>25	32 (24.1)	101 (75.9)	0.87 (0.38–1.99)
Waist/hip ratio
Normal	6 (12.0)	44 (88.0)	1	1
Abnormal	66 (25.5)	193 (74.5)	3.00 (1.20–8.23)	3.01 (1.15–7.92)
eGFR (MDRD) (mL/min/1.73 m^2)			0.99 (0.98–1.00)	0.99 (0.98–1)
>60 mL/min/1.73 m^2	25 (21.9)	89 (78.1)
<60 mL/min/1.73 m^2	47 (24.1)	148 (75.9)
FPG (mg/dL)			1.02 (1.01-1.03)	1.02 (1.01-1.03)
<125 mg/dL	41 (45.1)	50 (54.9)
>125 mg/dL	31 (14.3)	186 (85.7)

Predicted probability is of membership for poor glycemic control. Good glycemic control was defined as . Poor glycemic control was defined as . Significant association ( value < 0.005). BMI: body mass index; DM: diabetes mellitus; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDRD: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; FPG: fasting plasma glucose.