Impaired Glomerular Filtration Rate in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand

Table 2

Blood pressure, glycemic and lipid lowering agents by impaired GFR status.

Medications	Total	Impaired GFR; <60 mL/min/1.73 m^2	Non-impaired GFR; ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m^2	value
Blood pressure lowering agents
Using any blood pressure lowering agents	22148 (72.9%)	9668 (81.2%)	12480 (67.6%)	<0.001
(i) Diuretics	6360 (20.9%)	3168 (26.6%)	3192 (17.3%)	<0.001
(ii) Antiadrenergic drugs	6139 (20.2%)	3007 (25.2%)	3132 (17%)	<0.001
(iii) Calcium channel blockers	11418 (37.6%)	5525 (46.4%)	5893 (31.9%)	<0.001
(iv) ACEI/ARB	16447 (54.1%)	6369 (53.5%)	10078 (54.6%)	0.063
(v) Vasodilators	1009 (3.3%)	739 (6.2%)	270 (1.5%)	<0.001
Glycemic lowering agents
Using any glycemic lowering agents	29317 (96.5%)	11328 (95.1%)	17989 (97.4%)	<0.001
(i) Biguanides	21591 (71.1%)	6143 (51.6%)	15448 (83.6%)	<0.001
(ii) Sulfonylurea	19524 (64.3%)	6716 (56.4%)	12808 (69.4%)	<0.001
(iii) Thiazolidinedione	2527 (8.3%)	906 (7.6%)	1621 (8.8%)	<0.001
(iv) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor	189 (0.6%)	65 (0.5%)	124 (0.7%)	0.174
(v) DPP-4 inhibitors	209 (0.7%)	89 (0.7%)	120 (0.6%)	0.315
(vi) GLP-1 agonists	18 (0.1%)	8 (0.1%)	10 (0.1%)	0.649
(vii) Insulin	6893 (22.7%)	3875 (32.5%)	3018 (16.3%)	<0.001
Lipid lowering agents
Using any lipid lowering agents	21835 (71.9%)	8723 (73.2%)	13112 (71%)	<0.001
(i) Statin	18205 (59.9%)	7176 (60.3%)	11029 (59.7%)	0.351
(ii) Fibrate	4242 (14%)	1810 (15.2%)	2432 (13.2%)	<0.001

All values are expressed as percentage.
Abbreviation: ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; DPP-4 inhibitors: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; GLP-1 agonist: glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists.