A Critical Review of Proteomic Studies in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Summary of diagnostic models for GDM.

Cite No.	Sample size (GDM vs. NGT)	Sample type	Sampling time (weeks)	Markers in a model	AUC
31	15 vs. 14	Serum	24-28	(1) Fibronectin-SNA and PSG-AAL	0.85
				(2) CRP, adiponectin, SHBG, ratio of hCG to placental lactogen, fibronectin-SNA, and PSG-AAL	0.97
37	20 vs. 20	Serum	12-16	APOE, F9, FGA, and IGFBP5	0.985
38	40 vs. 40	Urine	15-20	CD59 and IL1RA	0.906
42	105 vs. 105	Serum	8-13	(1) Vitronectin	0.625
				(2) Maternal age, history of diabetes, and vitronectin	0.806
47	25 vs. 25	Plasma	11-13	(1) TSP-4	0.94
				(2) CNDP1	0.98

SNA: Sambucus nigra lectin; PSG: pregnancy-specific glycoprotein; AAL: Aleuria aurantia lectin; CRP: C-reactive protein; SHBG: sex-hormone-binding globulin; hCG: human chorionic gonadotropin; APOE: apolipoprotein E; F9: coagulation factor IX; FGA: fibrinogen alpha chain; IGFBP5: insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5; CD59: CD59 glycoprotein; IL1RA: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein; TSP-4: thrombospondin-4; CNDP1: beta-ala-his dipeptidase.