Research Article
Development and Validation of a Hypoglycemia Risk Model for Intensive Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Comparison of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the hypoglycemic and nonhypoglycemic groups.
| | Patient characteristics | Hypoglycemic group | Nonhypoglycemic group | or value | value | Odds ratio, 95% confidence interval |
| | Sex | | Male | 86 (65.65) | 86 (68.25) | 0.197 | 0.657 | 1.12 (0.67, 1.89) | | Female | 45 (34.35) | 40 (31.75) | | Age (years) | | ≥60 | 61 (46.56) | 53 (42.06) | 0.527 | 0.468 | 1.20 (0.73, 1.96) | | <60 | 70 (53.44) | 73 (57.94) | | BMI (kg/m2) | | ≥24 | 64 (48.85) | 71 (56.35) | 1.447 | 0.229 | 0.74 (0.45, 1.21) | | <24 | 67 (51.15) | 55 (43.65) | | Waist-hip ratio | | Central obesity | 62 (47.69) | 70 (55.56) | 1.584 | 0.208 | 0.73 (0.45, 1.19) | | Normal | 68 (52.31) | 56 (44.44) | | Course of disease (years) | | ≥10 | 51 (38.93) | 51 (40.48) | 0.064 | 0.800 | 0.94 (0.57, 1.55) | | <10 | 80 (61.07) | 75 (59.52) | | HbA1c (%) | | ≥7 | 117 (89.31) | 115 (91.27) | 0.280 | 0.597 | 0.80 (0.35, 1.83) | | <7 | 14 (10.69) | 11 (8.73) | | FBG (mmol/L) | | ≥7 | 67 (51.15) | 82 (65.08) | 5.118 | 0.024 | 0.56 (0.34, 0.93) | | <7 | 64 (48.85) | 44 (34.92) | | Total insulin dose (IU) | | ≥31 | 83 (63.36) | 95 (75.40) | 4.372 | 0.037 | 0.56 (0.33, 0.97) | | <31 | 48 (36.64) | 31 (24.60) | | Total treatment time (days) | | ≥7 | 115 (87.79) | 99 (78.57) | 3.914 | 0.048 | 1.96 (1.00, 3.85) | | <7 | 16 (12.21) | 27 (21.43) | | Fasting C-peptide (nmol/L) | | >0.66 | 13 (10.48) | 29 (23.77) | 7.668 | 0.006 | 0.38 (0.18, 0.76) | | ≤0.66 | 111 (89.52) | 93 (76.23) | | Fasting insulin (mu/L) | | >9.29 | 39 (29.77) | 63 (50.00) | 10.980 | <0.001 | 0.42 (0.25, 0.71) | | ≤9.29 | 92 (70.23) | 63 (50.00) | | Diabetic nephropathy | | Yes | 29 (22.14) | 29 (23.02) | 0.028 | 0.866 | 1.05 (0.59, 1.89) | | No | 102 (77.86) | 97 (76.98) | | Hypertension | | Yes | 48 (36.64) | 50 (39.68) | 0.252 | 0.616 | 1.14 (0.69, 1.88) | | No | 83 (63.36) | 76 (60.32) | | Cardiovascular disease | | Yes | 42 (32.06) | 44 (35.20) | 0.283 | 0.595 | 1.15 (0.69, 1.93) | | No | 89 (67.94) | 81 (64.80) | | AST (U/L) | | >40 | 9 (6.87) | 12 (9.52) | 0.603 | 0.438 | 0.70 (0.28, 1.73) | | ≤40 | 122 (93.13) | 114 (90.48) | | ALT (U/L) | | >25 | 34 (26.15) | 49 (40.50) | 5.824 | 0.016 | 0.52 (0.31, 0.89) | | ≤25 | 96 (73.85) | 72 (59.50) | | BUN (mmol/L) | | >8.2 | 12 (9.16) | 16 (13.22) | 1.051 | 0.305 | 0.66 (0.30, 1.46) | | ≤8.2 | 119 (90.84) | 105 (86.78) | | Cr (μmol/L) | | ≥66 | 85 (64.89) | 64 (51.20) | 4.925 | 0.026 | 1.76 (1.07, 2.91) | | <66 | 46 (35.11) | 61 (48.80) |
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. BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c; FBG: fasting blood glucose; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Cr: creatinine. |
