Middle-Aged Indians with Type 2 Diabetes Are at Higher Risk of Biological Ageing with Special Reference to Serum CDKN2A

Table 2

Association of oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and CDKN2A with ageing among T2DM patients and controls using the Chi-square test.

Group	Markers	Level of markers	Age group		, df	value
			G1 (31-40 years)	G2 (41-50 years)
Controls ()	MDA (>7.6 μmol/L)	Low	31 (77.5%)	29 (72.5%)	0.267, 1	0.606
		High	9 (22.5%)	11 (27.5%)
	oxLDL (>1.08 μg/mL)	Low	35 (87.5%)	25 (62.5%)	6.667, 1	0.010
		High	5 (12.5%)	15 (37.5%)
	IL-6 (>3.04 pg/mL)	Low	36 (90%)	27 (67.5%)	6.050, 1	0.014
		High	4 (10%)	13 (32.5%)
	IL-1β (>1.16 pg/mL)	Low	37 (92.5%)	25 (62.5%)	9.600, 1	0.002
		High	4 (10%)	16 (40%)
	TNF-α (>0.88 pg/mL)	Low	36 (90%)	25 (62.5%)	8.352, 1	0.004
		High	4 (10%)	15 (37.5%)
	MCP-1 (>77.3 pg/mL)	Low	35 (87.5%)	25 (62.5%)	6.667, 1	0.010
		High	5 (12.5%)	15 (37.5%)
	CDKN2A (>4.46 ng/mL)	Low	33 (82.5%)	25 (62.5%)	4.013,1	0.045
		High	7 (17.5%)	15 (37.5%)
T2DM patients ()	MDA (>7.6 μmol/L)	Low	18 (45%)	17 (42.5%)	0.051, 1	0.822
		High	22 (55%)	23 (57.5%)
	oxLDL (>1.08 μg/mL)	Low	19 (47.5%)	22 (55%)	0.450, 1	0.502
		High	21 (52.5%)	18 (45%)
	IL-6 (>3.04 pg/mL)	Low	16 (40%)	6 (15%)	6.270, 1	0.012
		High	24 (60%)	34 (85%)
	IL-1β (>1.16 pg/mL)	Low	21 (52.5%)	19 (47.5%)	0.200, 1	0.655
		High	19 (47.5%)	21 (52.5%)
	TNF-α (>0.88 pg/mL)	Low	21 (52.5%)	12 (30%)	4.178, 1	0.041
		High	19 (47.5%)	28 (70%)
	MCP-1 (>77.3 pg/mL)	Low	22 (55%)	8 (20%)	10.453, 1	0.001
		High	18 (45%)	32 (80%)
	CDKN2A (>4.46 ng/mL)	Low	23 (57.5%)	10 (25%)	8.717,1	0.003
		High	17 (42.5%)	30 (75%)

: Chi-square value; df: degrees of freedom; value from the Chi-square test; each cell indicated count (% within age group); MDA: malondialdehyde; oxLDL: oxidized LDL; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; CDKN2A: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A.