Carrageenan-Free Diet Shows Improved Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Signaling in Prediabetes: A Randomized, Pilot Clinical Trial

Figure 2

Major study outcome measures: hemoglobin A1c % and HOMA-IR. (a) Baseline (0 week) and 12-week values of hemoglobin (Hb) A1c (%) for the group on the carrageenan-containing diet are shown and were not significantly different (, paired -test, two tailed, ). (b) The difference between the 0-week and 12-week HbA1c values were significantly different for participants on the no-carrageenan diet (; paired -test, two tailed, ). (c) The distribution of changes between the two groups was not significant (, unpaired -test, two tailed, unequal variance; , ANOVA). (d) The differences between baseline and 12-week HOMA-IR scores were not significantly different for individuals on the carrageenan-containing diet (, paired -test, two tailed, ). (e) The differences between the baseline and 12-week HOMA-IR values were significantly different for the individuals on the no-carrageenan diet (, paired -test, two tailed, unequal variance, ). F. The changes in HOMA-IR scores between the no-carrageenan and carrageenan-containing groups were not significantly different.

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