Longitudinal Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy in a Nationwide Screening Program: Comparing Deep Learning and Human Graders

Table 4

The 2-year progression of patients from baseline retinopathy severity levels in the first screening into sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy detected by each modality in the second screening.

Baseline retinopathy levels at the first screening,	Number of patients with STDR in the second screening, per reference standard (%)	DL, number of patients with STDR in the second screening, per reference standard (%)	HG, number of patients with STDR in the second screening, per reference standard (%)
No retinopathy, 4,136	71 (1.72%)	128 (3.09%)	73 (1.76%)
Mild NPDR, 584	50 (8.56%)	57 (9.76%)	41 (7.02%)
Moderate NPDR, 293	74 (25.26%)	97 (33.11%)	57 (19.45%)
Total of all non-STDR severity levels, 5,013	195 (3.89%)	282 (5.63%)	171 (3.41%)

STDR: sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy; NPDR: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; DL: deep learning; HG: trained human graders. for the proportions of STDR of patients in the different baseline severity levels from the first screening in each modality.