Beneficial Effects of Apple Vinegar on Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Hypercaloric-Fed Rats

Table 3

Effect of D-glucose and apple vinegar on plasma lipid profile, liver function, kidney indices of toxicity, and plasma mineral element status.

Biochemical parameters	Group 1		Group 2		Group 3
	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females
Plasma lipid profile
TC (mg/dL)
TG (mg/dL)
HDL-c (mg/dL)
LDL-c (mg/dl)
Liver function
AST (U/L)	^+		159.5 ± 7.77		^+
ALT (U/L)					^+
LDH (U/L)	^+	^+			^+	^+
Kidney indices of toxicity
Total proteins (mg/dL)
Urea (mmol/L)	^++	^+			^+	^+
Creatinine (μmol/L)
Plasma mineral element status
Ca^2+ (mmol/L)	^+	^+			^+
Na^2+ (mmol/L)
K^+ (mmol/L)					^+	^+
Cl^- (mmol/L)

vs. group 1. ⁺ vs. group 2.