First author, year (reference no.) Study type Sample size ( Man/woman ( Age ( Measure Intervention time T/C T C T C T C Bao JL, 2019 [33 ] RCT 50/50 35/15 38/12 Teach-back health education Routine health education 3 months Cao YF, 2020 [23 ] RCT 60/60 36/24 39/21 WeChat health education Routine health education 3 months Cheng L, 2017 [34 ] RCT 121/121 93/28 86/35 Empowerment-based intervention Health education 3 months Chen YY, 2020 [22 ] RCT 83/44 44/39 46/38 Teach-back method intervention Traditional diabetes health education 3 months Hao ML, 2019 [31 ] RCT 44/44 24/20 26/18 Teach-back health education Routine health education Until discharge Li CF, 2017 [43 ] RCT 80/80 35/45 39/41 ≥45※ Self-management and routine community health services Routine community health services 3 months Li L, 2020 [21 ] RCT 42/41 22/20 18/23 Teach-back method combined with telephone follow-up intervention Routine health service 6 months Li L, 2020 [20 ] RCT 40/40 21/19 23/17 Teach-back method combined with family involved Routine health education 6 months Liu QH, 2020 [19 ] RCT 50/50 28/22 29/21 Five-full nursing modes as primary medical and nursing intervention Traditional nursing care Not reported Liu QN, 2018 [40 ] RCT 534/534 234/300 308/226 Health education Traditional services Not reported Li YF, 2015 [52 ] RCT 126/134 69/57 63/71 Teach-back and peer education Peer education 4 months Ma GZ, 2019 [29 ] RCT 25/25 13/12 14/11 Five-full nursing modes as primary medical and nursing intervention Routine nursing care 6 months Peng Y, 2021 [15 ] RCT 54/48 62/40 36~68※ Internet-based health education Ordinary health education 6 months Tu Y, 2018 [39 ] RCT 54/54 26/28 25/29 Integrated intervention of family doctor based on health literacy Routine community health services 1 year Wang L, 2019 [24 ] RCT 200/200 89/111 86/114 Health literacy education Routine community health services 1 year Wang Q, 2018 [38 ] RCT 57/57 72/42 Teach-back health education and routine nursing care Routine nursing care 6 months Wu P, 2019 [28 ] RCT 55/55 29/26 30/25 28~77※ 27~75※ Micro lecture of health literacy Routine health education Not reported Xu YL, 2020 [10 ] RCT 60/60 31/29 33/27 Community–hospital–family intervention Routine nursing intervention 12 months Yao XQ, 2019 [27 ] RCT 191/188 130/61 126/62 Structured health education Routine health care services 6 months You HQ, 2020 [18 ] RCT 35/35 20/15 19/16 Structured health education Routine nursing care Not reported Yu F, 2020 [17 ] RCT 60/60 25/35 21/39 Insulin interview tool intervention Routine health education 3 months Zhang JB, 2019 [26 ] RCT 62/62 Not reported Not reported Personalized diabetes self-management Routine health education Not reported Zhang N, 2018 [37 ] RCT 60/60 34/26 32/28 Micro lecture of health literacy Routine health education Until discharge Zhang RT, 2016 [47 ] RCT 80/80 87/73 Mental intervention and health knowledge guidance Health knowledge guidance 6 months Zhang XH, 2019 [25 ] RCT 98/98 63/35 65/33 Health education and exercise intervention Routine discharge guidance 3 months Zhang Y, 2018 [36 ] RCT 38/38 22/16 23/15 Comprehensive health literacy management Routine community health services Not reported Zhao FY, 2018 [35 ] RCT 45/45 25/20 24/21 Teach-back health education Routine health education 6 weeks Cheng LL, 2019 [32 ] Non-RCT 50/50 25/25 25/25 Strengthen self-efficacy management and routine diabetes treatment Routine diabetes treatment Not reported Li YJ, 2019 [30 ] Non-RCT 40/40 21/19 21/19 Dietary intervention and routine community health services Routine community health services 6 months Ouyang HG, 2019 [9 ] Non-RCT 791/1335 386/405 684/651 Personalized health education Routine community health services 6 months Pan JY, 2015 [51 ] Non-RCT 38/38 20/18 20/18 Dietary intervention and routine community health services Routine community health services 6 months Qiao W, 2014 [53 ] Non-RCT 100/100 Not reported Traditional Chinese medicine health management and drug therapy Drug therapy 1 year Shi M, 2016 [45 ] Non-RCT 60/60 32/28 26/34 Family involved in the whole health education Single involved the whole health education 2 years Wang N, 2021 [14 ] Non-RCT 31/29 18/13 17/12 Teach-back method combined with video and health education Teach-back method combined with health education 3 months Yang FH, 2017 [41 ] Non-RCT 555/502 219/336 225/277 Comprehensive health literacy management Routine community health services 6 months Zhang Y, 2016 [46 ] Non-RCT 27/27 11/16 14/13 Micro lecture of health literacy Routine nursing care Not reported Zhong Y, 2020 [16 ] Non-RCT 33/33 19/14 18/15 Health promotion management Routine outpatient management 3 months Chen GM, 2013 [54 ] CBA 215/— 114/104 Community nursing intervention — 1 year Gao YY, 2017 [44 ] CBA 110/— 58/52 Diabetes self-management education — 7 months Hu GS, 2016 [49 ] CBA 210/— 90/120 45~75※ Health literacy education — 6 months Li SF, 2010 [55 ] CBA 121/— 64/57 A nurse-led clinic on health literacy — 1 month Liu XM, 2016 [48 ] CBA 68/— 31/37 48~75※ Health education — 8 months Su QX, 2017 [42 ] CBA 286/— 152/134 Comprehensive intervention measures of health literacy — Not reported Wen XQ, 2015 [50 ] CBA 413/— 198/215 Team-based individualized health management intervention — Not reported
