Data Homogeneity Effect in Deep Learning-Based Prediction of Type 1 Diabetic Retinopathy

Figure 3

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of different transfer learning models in predicting diabetic retinopathy. The ROC curve of models that were tested with the type 1 diabetes (T1D) testing set was plotted in blue, whereas those tested with the Kaggle testing set were plotted in orange. The point on the ROC curve was the selected threshold. (e)–(h) There was a significant decrease in AUC when models previously trained with the T1D training set were tested with the Kaggle dataset. (i)–(l) The models that were previously trained with the Kaggle training set have a more robust performance when tested with the T1D testing set.