Antimicrobial Peptides from Amphibian Innate Immune System as Potent Antidiabetic Agents: A Literature Review and Bioinformatics Analysis

Table 1

All reported antidiabetic peptides from amphibians.

Name	Source	Sequence	Net charge	Hydrophobic residue (%)	Boman index	3D structure
Brevinin-1CBb	Lithobates catesbeianus	FLPFIARLAAKVFPSIICSVTKKC	+4	62	-0.36	Unknown
Brevinin-1Pa	Rana pipiens	FLPIIAGVAAKVFPKIFCAISKKC	+4	66	-1.11	Unknown
Brevinin-1E	Rana esculenta	FLPAIFRMAAKVVPTIICSITKKC	+4	62	-0.36	Unknown
Brevinin-2GUb	Hylarana guentheri	GVIIDTLKGAAKTVAAELLRKAHCKLTNSC	+4	50	0.79	Unknown
Brevinin-2EC	Pelophylax esculentus	GILLDKLKNFAKTAGKGVLQSLLNTASCKLSGQC	+4	44	0.53	Unknown
Esculentin-1	Rana esculenta	GIFSKLGRKKIKNLLISGLKNVGKEVGMDVVRTGIDIAGCKIKGEC	+6	41	0.98	Helix
Esculentin-1b	Rana esculenta	GIFSKLAGKKLKNLLISGLKNVGKEVGMDVVRTGIDIAGCKIKGEC	+5	43	0.62	Unknown
Esculentin-2Cha	Lithobates chiricahuensis	GFSSIFRGVAKFASKGLGKDLAKLGVDLVACKISKQC	+5	48	0.53	Unknown
Temporin-DRa	Rana draytonii	HFLGTLVNLAKKIL	+2	57	-0.67	Unknown
Temporin-DRb	Rana draytonii	NFLGTLVNLAKKIL	+2	57	-0.53	Unknown
Temporin-Oe	Rana ornativentris	ILPLLGNLLNGLL	0	61	-2.15	Unknown
Temporin-TGb	Rana tagoi	AVDLAKIANKVLSSLF	+1	62	-0.18	Unknown
Temporin-Va	Lithobates virgatipes	FLSSIGKLIGNLL	+1	53	-1.18	Unknown
Temporin-Vb	Lithobates virgatipes	FLSIIAKVLGSLF	+1	53	-1.18	Unknown
Temporin-Vc	Lithobates virgatipes	FLPLVTMLLGKLF	+1	69	-2.29	Unknown
Temporin-CBf	Lithobates catesbeianus	FLPIASMLGKYL	+1	58	-1.55	Unknown
Temporin-CBa	Lithobates catesbeianus	FLPIASLLGKYL	+1	58	-1.77	Unknown
Ranatuerin-1CBa	Lithobates catesbeianus	SMFSVLKNLGKVGLGFVACKVNKQC	+4	52	0.05	Unknown
Ranatuerin-2CBc	Lithobates catesbeianus	GFLDIIKNLGKTFAGHMLDKIKCTIGTCPPSP	+2	40	0.34	Unknown
Ranatuerin-2CBd	Lithobates catesbeianus	GFLDIIKNLGKTFAGHMLDKIRCTIGTCPPSP	+2	40	0.64	Unknown
Dermaseptin B4	Phyllomedusa trinitatis	ALWKDILKNVGKAAGKAVLNTVTDMVNQ	+2	50	0.73	Unknown
Dermaseptin-LI1	Agalychnis litodryas	AVWKDFLKNIGKAAGKAVLNSVTDMVNE	+1	50	0.87	Unknown
Bombesin	Bombina variegate	EQRLGHQWAVGHLM	0	42	1.42	Unknown
Bombesin-related peptide	Bombina variegate	EDSFGNQWARGHFM	0	35	2.59	Unknown
Xenopsin	Xenopus amieti	EGKRPWIL	+1	37	1.77	Unknown
Xenopsin-AM2	Xenopus amieti	EGRRPWIL	+1	37	2.94	Unknown
Palustrin-2CBa	Lithobates catesbeianus	GFLDIIKDTGKEFAVKILNNLKCKLAGGCPP	+2	45	0.43	Unknown
Palustrin-1c	Lithobates palustris	ALSILRGLEKLAKMGIALTNCKATKKC	+5	51	0.59	Helix
Phylloseptin-L2	Hylomantis lemur	FLSLIPHVISALSSL	0	60	-1.33	Helix
RK-13	Agalychnis calcarifer	RRKPLFPLIPRPK	+5	30	2.93	Unknown
Pseudin-2	Pseudis paradoxa	GLNALKKVFQGIHEAIKLINNHVQ	+2	45	0.73	Unknown
GM-14	Bombina variegate	GKPFYPPPIYPEDM	-1	21	0.72	Unknown
IN-21	Bombina variegate	IYNAICPCKHCNKCKPGLLAN	+3	47	0.57	Helix
Ocellatin-L2	Leptodactylus laticeps	GVVDILKGAAKDLAGHLATKVMDKL	+1	52	0.25	Unknown
Plasticin-L1	Leptodactylus laticeps	GLVNGLLSSVLGGGQGGGGLLGGIL	0	40	-1.55	Unknown
Tigerinin-1R	Hoplobatrachus rugulosus	RVCSAIPLPICH	+1	58	-0.01	Unknown
Caerulein-B1	Xenopus borealis	EQDY(SO3)GTGWMDF	-3	27	2.08	Unknown
Amolopin	Amolops loloensis	FLPIVGKSLSGLSGKL	+3	43	-0.82	Unknown
Alyteserin-2a	Alytes obstetricans	ILGKLLSTAAGLLSNL	+2	56	-1.14	Unknown
Magainin-AM1	Xenopus amieti	GIKEFAHSLGKFGKAFFGGILNQ	+3	43	0.16	Unknown
Magainin-AM2	Xenopus amieti	GVSKILHSAGKFGKAFLGEINKS	+4	39	0.58	Unknown
Hymenochirin-1B	Hymenochirus boettgeri	IKLSPETKDNLKKVLKGAIKGAIAVAKMV	+6	48	0.47	Unknown
Pseudhymenochirin-2Pa	Pseudhymenochirus merlini	IKIPSFFRNILKKVGKEAVSLIAGALKQS	+5	48	0.55	Helix
Pseudhymenochirin-1Pb	Pseudhymenochirus merlini	GIFPIFAKLLGKVIKVASSLISKGRTE	+4	48	0.06	Helix