Journal of Diabetes Research

Research Article

Association of Phthalate Exposure with Thyroid Function and Thyroid Homeostasis Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes

Table 3

Associations between urinary phthalates and thyroid function and thyroid homeostasis parameters based on thyroid antibody status.

(a)


	TSH		FT₃		FT₄
	Negative	Positive	Negative	Positive	Negative	Positive

MMP	-0.017 (-0.060, 0.027)	-0.180 (-0.409, 0.048)	0.019 (-0.020, 0.058)	-0.024 (-0.201, 0.154)	-0.028 (-0.179, 1.123)	0.476 (-0.409, 1.361)
MEP	-0.005 (-0.031, 0.021)	-0.043 (-0.195, 0.110)	-0.007 (-0.031, 0.016)	-0.018 (-0.134, 0.098)	-0.005 (-0.096, 0.086)	0.329 (-0.249, 0.906)
MiBP	0.006 (-0.058, 0.070)	-0.413 (-0.827, 0.004)	0.019 (-0.039, 0.078)	0.365 (0.055, 0.676)	-0.066 (-0.291, 0.159)	0.808 (-0.830, 2.447)
MnBP	0.017 (-0.040, 0.075)	-0.269 (-0.627, 0.090)	0.025 (-0.027, 0.078)	0.196 (-0.076, 0.469)	-0.216 (-0.417, -0.016)	0.708 (-0.680, 2.095)
MBzP	0.015 (-0.024, 0.054)	-0.024 (-0.299, 0.252)	0.005 (-0.030, 0.040)	0.056 (-0.153, 0.265)	0.018 (-0.118, 0.155)	-0.432 (-1.480, 0.615)
MCPP	0.012 (-0.011, 0.035)	-0.150 (-0.318, 0.017)	-0.013 (-0.034, 0.008)	0.010 (-0.122, 0.141)	-0.032 (-0.112, 0.049)	0.785 (0.165, 1.406)
MiNP	-0.030 (-0.085, 0.024)	-0.288 (-0.538, -0.038)	0.013 (-0.037, 0.062)	0.088 (-0.111, 0.286)	-0.132 (-0.323, 0.059)	0.675 (-0.315, 1.665)
MCHP	-0.004 (-0.024, 0.017)	-0.003 (-0.119, 0.112)	0.005 (-0.014, 0.024)	0.047 (-0.040, 0.134)	0.010 (-0.063, 0.083)	-0.223 (-0.660, 0.214)
MEHP	-0.011 (-0.035, 0.012)	-0.108 (-0.230, 0.013)	0.003 (-0.018, 0.024)	0.000 (-0.096, 0.095)	0.030 (-0.052, 0.112)	0.334 (-0.136, 0.804)
MECPP	-0.005 (-0.055, 0.045)	-0.515 (-0.808, -0.222)	0.024 (-0.022, 0.070)	0.261 (0.022, 0.500)	-0.180 (-0.356, -0.005)	1.016 (-0.213, 2.244)
MEHHP	-0.036 (-0.090, 0.017)	-0.453 (-0.744, 0.163)	0.021 (-0.028, 0.070)	0.193 (-0.043, 0.429)	-0.176 (-0.364, 0.012)	0.929 (-0.263, 2.120)
MEOHP	-0.028 (-0.070, 0.015)	-0.407 (-0.684, -0.130)	-0.009 (-0.048, 0.030)	0.168 (-0.056, 0.392)	-0.168 (-0.316, -0.019)	0.740 (-0.394, 1.875)
MCMHP	-0.025 (-0.071, 0.020)	-0.520 (-0.841, -0.199)	0.037 (-0.004, 0.079)	0.321 (0.068, 0.573)	-0.156 (-0.314, 0.003)	1.268 (-0.040, 2.575)

(b)


	T₃		T₄		SPINA-G_D
	Negative	Positive	Negative	Positive	Negative	Positive

MMP	0.014 (-0.006, 0.034)	-0.020 (-0.088, 0.048)	-0.299 (-1.555, 0.958)	2.467 (-3.025, 7.960)	0.172 (-0.057, 0.402)	-0.476 (-1.328, 0.377)
MEP	-0.004 (-0.017, 0.008)	-0.030 (-0.074, 0.013)	-0.407 (-1.160, 0.345)	0.728 (-2.887, 4.343)	-0.014 (-0.152, 0.124)	-0.492 (-1.037, 0.054)
MiBP	0.003 (-0.027, 0.034)	0.082 (-0.041, 0.205)	-0.344 (-2.211, 1.523)	5.317 (-4.800, 15.434)	0.131 (-0.211, 0.473)	0.407 (-1.186, 1.999)
MnBP	0.011 (-0.016, 0.038)	0.050 (-0.055, 0.155)	-0.516 (-2.186, 1.154)	3.587 (-5.025, 12.199)	0.321 (0.017, 0.626)	0.159 (-1.193, 1.512)
MBzP	0.011 (-0.007, 0.029)	0.016 (-0.064, 0.096)	1.142 (0.014, 2.271)	-2.636 (-9.113, 3.842)	0.100 (-0.107, 0.307)	0.603 (-0.399, 1.605)
MCPP	-0.009 (-0.020, 0.002)	-0.025 (-0.075, 0.025)	-0.375 (-1.042, 0.291)	2.818 (-1.194, 6.831)	-0.052 (-0.174, 0.070)	-0.880 (-1.463, -0.296)
MiNP	0.018 (-0.007, 0.044)	-0.014 (-0.090, 0.063)	0.183 (-1.402, 1.768)	2.163 (-4.049, 8.375)	0.330 (0.041, 0.619)	-0.638 (-1.593, 0.318)
MCHP	0.004 (-0.005, 0.014)	0.024 (-0.009, 0.057)	0.557 (-0.047, 1.162)	-0.990 (-3.707, 1.728)	0.028 (-0.083, 0.139)	0.406 (-0.003, 0.815)
MEHP	0.005 (-0.006, 0.016)	-0.009 (-0.045, 0.027)	0.358 (-0.324, 1.039)	1.689 (-1.240, 4.619)	0.030 (-0.095, 0.155)	-0.313 (-0.767, 0.141)
MECPP	0.022 (-0.002, 0.046)	0.043 (-0.052, 0.138)	0.370 (-1.092, 1.831)	5.265 (-2.399, 12.929)	0.411 (0.145, 0.676)	-0.418 (-1.632, 0.796)
MEHHP	0.016 (-0.009, 0.041)	0.005 (-0.087, 0.098)	-0.054 (-1.619, 1.510)	3.783 (-3.695, 11.262)	0.350 (0.065, 0.635)	-0.699 (-1.860, 0.462)
MEOHP	0.007 (-0.013, 0.027)	0.011 (-0.077, 0.098)	-0.154 (-1.394, 1.086)	3.105 (-3.979, 10.189)	0.229 (0.002, 0.455)	-0.463 (-1.569, 0.642)
MCMHP	0.026 (0.004, 0.047)	0.014 (-0.089, 0.117)	-0.094 (-1.413, 1.224)	5.376 (-2.885, 13.637)	0.386 (0.147, 0.625)	-0.879 (-2.165, 0.407)

(c)


	SPINA-G_T		TSHI		TTSI
	Negative	Positive	Negative	Positive	Negative	Positive

MMP	0.007 (-0.021, 0.036)	0.142 (-0.048, 0.332)	-0.020 (-0.065, 0.025)	-0.116 (-0.291, 0.058)	-0.019 (-0.062, 0.024)	-0.160 (-0.364, 0.044)
MEP	0.001 (-0.016, 0.018)	0.060 (-0.067, 0.186)	-0.005 (-0.032, 0.022)	0.001 (-0.115, 0.118)	-0.006 (-0.031, 0.020)	-0.031 (-0.168, 0.106)
MiBP	-0.008 (-0.050, 0.035)	0.360 (0.016, 0.704)	-0.003 (-0.070, 0.064)	-0.303 (-0.619, 0.013)	0.001 (-0.063, 0.065)	-0.390 (-0.760, -0.021)
MnBP	-0.016 (-0.054, 0.022)	0.227 (-0.070, 0.525)	-0.012 (-0.072, 0.048)	-0.174 (-0.447, 0.100)	0.004 (-0.054, 0.061)	-0.243 (-0.564, 0.077)
MBzP	0.003 (-0.023, 0.028)	-0.010 (-0.239, 0.220)	0.018 (-0.023, 0.058)	-0.082 (-0.290, 0.126)	0.017 (-0.022, 0.055)	-0.052 (-0.299, 0.194)
MCPP	-0.010 (-0.026, 0.005)	0.127 (-0.012, 0.266)	0.008 (-0.016, 0.032)	-0.044 (-0.175, 0.087)	0.010 (-0.013, 0.033)	-0.108 (-0.260, 0.044)
MiNP	0.022 (-0.014, 0.058)	0.216 (0.006, 0.426)	-0.048 (-0.105, 0.009)	-0.197 (-0.389, -0.006)	-0.039 (-0.093, 0.015)	-0.259 (-0.483, -0.036)
MCHP	0.006 (-0.008, 0.020)	-0.004 (-0.100, 0.092)	-0.002 (-0.024, 0.019)	-0.033 (-0.121, 0.054)	-0.003 (-0.024, 0.018)	-0.017 (-0.120, 0.087)
MEHP	0.010 (-0.005, 0.026)	0.079 (-0.023, 0.181)	-0.007 (-0.032, 0.017)	-0.064 (-0.157, 0.030)	-0.010 (-0.033, 0.014)	-0.091 (-0.201, 0.018)
MECPP	0.010 (-0.023, 0.043)	0.402 (0.154, 0.650)	-0.029 (-0.082, 0.023)	-0.378 (-0.603, -0.154)	-0.017 (-0.067, 0.033)	-0.473 (-0.734, -0.212)
MEHHP	0.024 (-0.011, 0.060)	0.340 (0.094, 0.586)	-0.060 (-0.116, -0.004)	-0.329 (-0.551, -0.106)	-0.048 (-0.101, 0.005)	-0.414 (-0.673, -0.156)
MEOHP	0.017 (-0.011, 0.045)	0.303 (0.068, 0.537)	-0.050 (-0.094, -0.006)	-0.308 (-0.518, -0.097)	-0.038 (-0.080, 0.004)	-0.378 (-0.624, -0.132)
MCMHP	0.017 (-0.013, 0.047)	0.417 (0.148, 0.685)	-0.046 (-0.093, 0.001)	-0.349 (-0.599, -0.100)	-0.035 (-0.080, 0.010)	-0.466 (-0.753, -0.180)

In the multiple regression analysis, age, sex, BMI, current smoking status, and UIC were adjusted. Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and UIC were corrected by urine Cr and ln-transformed to approximate a normal distribution. , , and . “Negative”: TPOAb (-) and TgAb (-); “positive”: TPOAb (+) and/or TgAb (+).