Journal of Diabetes Research

Research Article

Association of Phthalate Exposure with Thyroid Function and Thyroid Homeostasis Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes

Table 5

Regression analysis of associations between urinary phthalates and thyroid parameters based on metformin treatment status.

(a)


	TSH		FT₃		FT₄
	Metformin	Nonmetformin	Metformin	Nonmetformin	Metformin	Nonmetformin

MMP	-0.017 (-0.077, 0.044)	-0.045 (-0.110, 0.019)	0.021 (-0.030, 0.072)	0.019 (-0.040, 0.077)	-0.012 (0.216, 0.192)	0.083 (-0.149, 0.314)
MEP	-0.018 (-0.062, 0.025)	0.003 (-0.032, 0.038)	-0.011 (-0.047, 0.026)	-0.008 (-0.040, 0.023)	-0.181 (-0.325, -0.036)	0.133 (0.007, 0.258)
MiBP	-0.019 (-0.123, 0.086)	-0.005 (-0.095, 0.084)	0.039 (-0.049, 0.126)	0.032 (-0.049, 0.113)	-0.142 (-0.492, 0.209)	0.101 (-0.220, 0.423)
MnBP	-0.049 (-0.143, 0.046)	0.032 (-0.046, 0.111)	0.010 (-0.070, 0.089)	0.047 (-0.024, 0.118)	-0.145 (-0.463, 0.173)	-0.106 (-0.389, 0.176)
MBzP	0.010 (-0.054, 0.074)	0.016 (-0.038, 0.069)	0.052 (-0.001, 0.105)	-0.015 (-0.064, 0.034)	0.135 (-0.080, 0.349)	-0.104 (-0.298, 0.090)
MCPP	-0.001 (-0.037, 0.034)	0.013 (-0.019, 0.046)	-0.008 (-0.038, 0.021)	-0.015 (-0.045, 0.015)	0.079 (-0.041, 0.198)	-0.073 (-0.190, 0.044)
MiNP	-0.067 (-0.153, 0.019)	-0.044 (-0.119, 0.031)	0.049 (-0.023, 0.121)	0.002 (-0.066, 0.070)	-0.329 (-0.615, -0.043)	0.105 (-0.166, 0.376)
MCHP	-0.019 (-0.050, 0.012)	0.009 (-0.021, 0.039)	0.018 (-0.008, 0.045)	-0.003 (-0.030, 0.024)	0.009 (-0.097, 0.115)	-0.028 (-0.135, 0.079)
MEHP	0.009 (-0.027, 0.044)	-0.042 (-0.074, -0.009)	0.016 (-0.014, 0.046)	-0.002 (-0.032, 0.027)	-0.040 (-0.160, 0.080)	0.127 (0.011, 0.244)
MECPP	-0.045 (-0.131, 0.042)	-0.028 (-0.097, 0.040)	0.106 (0.034, 0.177)	0.004 (-0.058, 0.066)	-0.383 (-0.671, -0.096)	0.017 (-0.229, 0.263)
MEHHP	-0.072 (-0.156, 0.011)	-0.055 (-0.131, 0.021)	0.061 (-0.009, 0.132)	0.017 (-0.052, 0.086)	-0.365 (-0.644, -0.086)	0.069 (-0.205, 0.344)
MEOHP	-0.059 (-0.135, 0.016)	-0.037 (-0.093, 0.020)	0.053 (-0.010, 0.116)	-0.028 (-0.079, 0.024)	-0.271 (-0.523, -0.018)	-0.082 (-0.286, 0.123)
MCMHP	-0.050 (-0.121, 0.021)	-0.039 (-0.104, 0.027)	0.083 (0.024, 0.142)	0.021 (-0.039, 0.081)	-0.372 (-0.607, -0.137)	0.081 (-0.156, 0.319)

(b)


	T₃		T₄		SPINA-G_D
	Metformin	Nonmetformin	Metformin	Nonmetformin	Metformin	Nonmetformin

MMP	0.025 (-0.001, 0.052)	0.001 (-0.027, 0.029)	0.467 (-1.218, 2.152)	-0.354 (-2.141, 1.433)	0.269 (-0.054, 0.591)	-0.029 (-0.336, 0.277)
MEP	-0.008 (-0.027, 0.011)	-0.006 (-0.022, 0.009)	-1.327 (-2.521, 0.132)	0.260 (-0.710, 1.231)	0.132 (-0.099, 0.363)	-0.158 (-0.324, 0.008)
MiBP	0.007 (-0.038, 0.053)	0.006 (-0.033, 0.046)	-1.051 (-3.944, 1.843)	0.865 (-1.616, 3.346)	0.193 (-0.363, 0.750)	0.052 (-0.374, 0.477)
MnBP	-0.004 (-0.046, 0.037)	0.023 (-0.012, 0.057)	-1.177 (-3.800, 1.446)	0.555 (-1.625, 2.735)	0.078 (-0.427, 0.583)	0.361 (-0.011, 0.733)
MBzP	0.034 (0.006, 0.062)	0.001 (-0.023, 0.024)	2.598 (0.852, 4.343)	-0.044 (-1.544, 1.457)	0.255 (-0.115, 0.565)	0.110 (-0.147, 0.367)
MCPP	-0.005 (-0.020, 0.011)	-0.015 (-0.029, 0.000)	0.372 (-0.617, 1.360)	-0.910 (-1.811, -0.010)	-0.118 (-0.308, 0.072)	-0.052 (-0.207, 0.103)
MiNP	0.024 (-0.013, 0.061)	0.008 (-0.025, 0.041)	-1.053 (-3.435, 1.328)	1.174 (-0.914, 3.262)	0.557 (0.104, 1.011)	0.020 (-0.338, 0.379)
MCHP	0.008 (-0.005, 0.022)	0.004 (-0.009, 0.017)	0.430 (-0.442, 1.302)	0.501 (-0.324, 1.326)	0.036 (-0.132, 0.204)	0.070 (-0.072, 0.211)
MEHP	0.009 (-0.007, 0.024)	0.004 (-0.010, 0.018)	0.132 (-0.862, 1.125)	0.871 (-0.031, 1.774)	0.131 (-0.059, 0.322)	-0.063 (-0.218, 0.093)
MECPP	0.045 (0.008, 0.083)	0.012 (-0.018, 0.042)	-0.876 (-3.277, 1.526)	1.357 (-0.534, 3.248)	0.791 (0.339, 1.243)	0.148 (-0.177, 0.473)
MEHHP	0.022 (-0.014, 0.059)	0.012 (-0.021, 0.046)	-1.339 (-3.667, 0.989)	1.154 (-0.959, 3.268)	0.568 (0.125, 1.012)	0.097 (-0.265, 0.460)
MEOHP	0.021 (-0.012, 0.054)	0.000 (-0.025, 0.025)	-1.047 (-3.144, 1.051)	0.296 (-1.285, 1.877)	0.465 (0.065, 0.865)	0.073 (-0.198, 0.344)
MCMHP	0.035 (0.004, 0.066)	0.018 (-0.011, 0.047)	-1.344 (-3.314, 0.626)	1.214 (-0.615, 3.042)	0.599 (0.226, 0.972)	0.154 (-0.160, 0.467)

(c)


	SPINA-G_T		TSHI		TTSI
	Metformin	Nonmetformin	Metformin	Nonmetformin	Metformin	Nonmetformin

MMP	0.014 (-0.025, 0.053)	0.025 (-0.022, 0.072)	-0.018 (-0.083, 0.046)	-0.034 (-0.094, 0.026)	-0.018 (-0.079, 0.043)	-0.042 (-0.103, 0.019)
MEP	0.003 (-0.025, 0.031)	0.003 (-0.022, 0.029)	-0.043 (-0.088, 0.003)	0.021 (-0.011, 0.054)	-0.030 (-0.074, 0.013)	0.010 (-0.023, 0.043)
MiBP	-0.001 (-0.068, 0.066)	0.014 (-0.051, 0.080)	-0.038 (-0.148, 0.073)	0.008 (-0.075, 0.092)	-0.027 (-0.132, 0.077)	-0.002 (-0.087, 0.083)
MnBP	0.010 (-0.051, 0.070)	-0.010 (-0.067, 0.048)	-0.068 (-0.168, 0.032)	0.018 (-0.055, 0.091)	-0.057 (-0.152, 0.038)	0.024 (-0.051, 0.098)
MBzP	0.018 (-0.023, 0.059)	-0.008 (-0.048, 0.031)	0.029 (-0.039, 0.096)	0.002 (-0.049, 0.052)	0.018 (-0.046, 0.083)	0.010 (-0.042, 0.061)
MCPP	0.005 (-0.017, 0.028)	-0.016 (-0.040, 0.008)	0.009 (-0.028, 0.047)	0.003 (-0.027, 0.034)	0.003 (-0.032, 0.039)	0.008 (-0.023, 0.039)
MiNP	0.029 (-0.027, 0.084)	0.044 (-0.011, 0.099)	-0.111 (-0.201, -0.021)	-0.030 (-0.100, 0.041)	-0.088 (-0.173, -0.002)	-0.039 (-0.111, 0.032)
MCHP	0.014 (-0.006, 0.034)	-0.001 (-0.023, 0.021)	-0.018 (-0.051, 0.015)	0.005 (-0.023, 0.033)	-0.018 (-0.049, 0.014)	0.007 (-0.021, 0.036)
MEHP	-0.004 (-0.027, 0.019)	0.032 (0.009, 0.056)	0.003 (-0.035, 0.041)	-0.025 (-0.055, 0.006)	0.006 (-0.030, 0.042)	-0.034 (-0.065, -0.003)
MECPP	0.019 (-0.037, 0.074)	0.035 (-0.015, 0.085)	-0.096 (-0.188, -0.005)	-0.026 (-0.090, 0.038)	-0.069 (-0.155, 0.018)	-0.029 (-0.094, 0.036)
MEHHP	0.033 (-0.021, 0.086)	0.047 (-0.009, 0.103)	-0.121 (-0.209, -0.034)	-0.046 (-0.117, 0.025)	-0.095 (-0.179, -0.011)	-0.053 (-0.125, 0.019)
MEOHP	0.022 (-0.026, 0.071)	0.029 (-0.013, 0.070)	-0.096 (-0.175, -0.016)	-0.048 (-0.101, 0.005)	-0.076 (-0.152, -0.001)	-0.042 (-0.096, 0.012)
MCMHP	0.019 (-0.026, 0.065)	0.038 (-0.010, 0.086)	-0.100 (-0.175, -0.026)	-0.028 (-0.089, 0.034)	-0.072 (-0.143, -0.001)	-0.035 (-0.098, 0.027)

In the multiple regression analysis, age, sex, BMI, current smoking status, and UIC were adjusted. Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and UIC were corrected by urine Cr and ln-transformed to approximate a normal distribution. , , and .