Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain Are Associated with Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Based on Chinese Women
Table 4
Effects of GWG on maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes.
Outcomes
GWG
Univariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes
Total
Insufficient
0.976 (0.627-1.520)
0.915
0.899 (0.567-1.425)
0.651
Appropriate
Ref
Ref
Excessive
1.525 (0.969-2.399)
0.068
1.497 (0.937-2.393)
0.091
Maternal complications
Insufficient
1.083 (0.686-1.709)
0.733
1.039 (0.654-1.651)
0.872
Appropriate
Ref
Ref
Excessive
0.765 (0.482-1.215)
0.257
0.737 (0.461-1.179)
0.203
GDM
Insufficient
1.444 (0.875-2.383)
0.151
1.393 (0.836-2.320)
0.203
Appropriate
Ref
Ref
Excessive
0.840 (0.493-1.431)
0.521
0.822 (0.478-1.413)
0.479
Parturition outcome
Cesarean delivery
Insufficient
0.961 (0.635-1.453)
0.849
0.886 (0.573-1.371)
0.588
Appropriate
Ref
Ref
Excessive
1.522 (1.020-2.270)
0.040
1.492 (0.979-2.274)
0.062
Adverse neonatal outcome
Insufficient
0.876 (0.562-1.366)
0.559
0.839 (0.534-1.318)
0.447
Appropriate
Ref
Ref
Excessive
1.045 (0.688-1.588)
0.836
1.060 (0.692-1.622)
0.790
LGA
Insufficient
0.426 (0.205-0.884)
0.022
0.392 (0.187-0.826)
0.014
Appropriate
Ref
Ref
Excessive
1.412 (0.847-2.354)
0.186
1.424 (0.840-2.413)
0.189
Premature delivery
Insufficient
2.252 (0.981-5.171)
0.056
2.818 (1.171-6.784)
0.021
Appropriate
Ref
Ref
Excessive
0.568 (0.178-5.171)
0.340
0.427 (0.128-1.422)
0.166
Other neonatal complications
Insufficient
0.796 (0.08-1.552)
0.503
0.805 (0.411-1.577)
0.527
Appropriate
Ref
Ref
Excessive
0.914 (0.493-1.696)
0.776
0.933 (0.501-1.739)
0.828
Notes: multivariate analysis was adjusted for age, education level, and history of miscarriage. GWG: gestational weight gain; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; LGA: large for gestational age; OR: odds ratio.
