Association of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Its Interaction with Maternal Age in Chinese Urban Women

Table 2

ORs (95% CIs) for pregnancy outcomes by gestational diabetes mellitus.

	Case/noncase	Model 1		Model 2
		OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value
Cesarean delivery	4227/4617	1.75 (1.54, 1.99)	<0.001	1.69 (1.48, 1.92)	<0.001
Preterm birth	800/8044	1.37 (1.11, 1.70)	0.004	1.32 (1.07, 1.64)	0.011
Low birth weight	454/8390	1.17 (0.88, 1.56)	0.276	0.86 (0.59, 1.25)	0.422
SGA	548/8296	0.76 (0.57, 1.01)	0.062	0.75 (0.56, 1.01)	0.051
Macrosomia	579/8265	1.58 (1.26, 1.97)	<0.001	1.69 (1.34, 2.13)	<0.001
LGA	908/7936	1.50 (1.24, 1.81)	<0.001	1.43 (1.18, 1.73)	<0.001

Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; SGA: small for gestational age; LGA: large for gestational age. Model 1 was adjusted for demographic characteristics including maternal age, education, employment, annual household income, and study centers. Model 2 was further adjusted for drinking during pregnancy, passive smoking during pregnancy, prepregnancy body mass index categories, parity, use of assisted reproductive technology, folic acid supplementation, gestational age at delivery, and gestational weight gain categories. Preterm birth was not adjusted for gestational age at delivery.