Association of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy with All-Cause Mortality: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of participants by type of diabetes and survival status.
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Alive
Dead
Alive
Dead
(%)
103 (78.6)
28 (21.4)
562 (55.6)
449 (44.4)
Male
53 (51.4)
16 (56.3)
0.672
241 (42.9)
199 (44.2)
0.655
Age (years)
0.001
0.001
Height (cm)
0.879
0.002
Weight (kg)
0.014
0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
0.006
0.001
High level of alcohol consumption, (%)
NA
NA
1.000
31 (5.6)
47 (10.4)
0.004
Current smoker, (%)
33 (32.1)
11 (37.5)
0.656
98 (17.5)
81 (18)
0.804
Duration of diabetes (years)
0.014
0.020
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
0.007
0.419
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
0.099
0.005
Heart rate (beat/min)
0.792
0.127
Known hypertension, (%)
53 (51.4)
23 (81.3)
0.005
479 (85.1)
387 (86.3)
0.718
Antihypertensive medication, (%)
47 (45.9)
20 (71.9)
0.019
442 (78.7)
347 (77.3)
0.647
Lipid-lowering medication, (%)
16 (15.6)
NA
1.000
221 (39.3)
84 (18.8)
≤0.0001
Antianginal treatment, (%)
NA
NA
0.008
50 (9)
83 (18.6)
≤0.0001
Platelet aggregation inhibitors, (%)
NA
NA
0.097
93 (16.6)
86 (19.2)
0.283
Anticoagulants, (%)
NA
NA
0.115
24 (4.3)
41 (9.2)
0.002
Simplified Charlson comorbidity index
0.001
0.001
DSPN, (%)
34 (33)
17 (60.7)
0.009
202 (36)
193 (42.9)
0.023
CAN, (%)
45 (43.7)
10 (36.7)
0.521
170 (30.2)
139 (30.9)
0.837
Numbers are or (%). values are given for 2-sample -tests or tests as appropriate. For cells with , no values are given due to privacy protection regulations. DSPN: distal symmetric polyneuropathy; CAN: cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.
