Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the included studies.

Author	Year	Country	Study design	Maternal age (years)	Sample sizes	GDM cases	Quality scores
Wagaarachchi	2001	Sri Lanka	Case-control	—	1004	41	5
Weijers	2002	Amsterdam	Case-control		561	71	5
Yang	2002	China	Case-control		9886	177	4
Dempsey	2004	USA	Case-control	—	541	155	6
Ozumba	2004	Nigeria	Case-control	—	400	200	5
Zhang	2004	China	Case-control	—	327	67	6
Hadaegh	2005	Iran	Case-control	—	700	62	6
Janghorbani	2006	UK	Case-control	—	3933	65	4
Wijeyaratne	2006	Sri Lanka	Case-control	—	442	274	5
Mamabolo	2007	South Africa	Case-control		262	23	4
Qiu	2007	USA	Case-control		201	105	5
Cypryk	2008	Poland	Case-control	—	1670	510	4
Hedderson	2008	USA	Case-control	—	1323	381	6
Hedderson	2008	USA	Case-control	—	455	251	6
Murgia	2008	Italy	Case-control		1103	247	5
Bhat	2010	India	Case-control		600	300	4
Harizopoulou	2010	Greece	Cross-sectional		160	40	5
Hedderson	2010	USA	Case-control	—	1134	341	5
Ogonowski	2010	Poland	Case-control		2425	1414	6
Kuti	2011	Nigeria	Case-control	—	765	106	4
Morisset	2011	Canada	Case-control		294	55	5
Qiu	2011	USA	Case-control		596	185	5
Anzaku	2013	Nigeria	Cross-sectional		253	21	5
Jao	2013	Cameroon	Cross-sectional	30.5 (27.5-34.5)	316	20	4
Khan	2013	Pakistan	Case-control		200	103	5
Fawole	2014	Ibadan	Cross-sectional	—	1086	35	12
Kirke	2014	Australia	Case-control		1636	73	4
Mwanri	2014	Tanzania	Cross-sectional	—	910	54	14
Padmanabhan	2014	Australia	Case-control	33.0 (29.0-36.0)	682	343	4
Rajput	2014	India	Case-control		913	127	6
Tabatabaei	2014	Canada	Case-control		96	48	4
Bibi	2015	Pakistan	Cross-sectional	—	190	50	11
Erem	2015	Turkey	Cross-sectional		815	39	15
Olagbuji	2015	Nigeria	Cohort	—	1059	91	5
Oppong	2015	Ghana	Cross-sectional	—	399	37	14
Robledo	2015	USA	Cohort	—	649952	11334	5
Singh	2015	India	Case-control		102	51	5
Bowers	2016	Danish	Case-control		699	350	4
Mohan	2016	India	Case-control	—	201	32	4
Nasiri-Amiri	2016	Iran	Case-control	—	200	100	6
Tomic	2016	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Cross-sectional	—	285	31	13
Abdelmola	2017	Saudi Arabia	Cross-sectional	—	36	36	14
Anand	2017	Canada	Case-control		1006	365	6
Collier	2017	UK	Case-control	—	47290	973	4
Farina	2017	Italy	Case-control	33.5 (24-40)	72	12	6
Liu	2017	China	Case-control		600	300	6
Mapira	2017	Rwanda	Cross-sectional	—	288	24	5
Oriji	2017	Nigeria	Case-control	—	235	35	5
Rawal	2017	USA	Case-control		321	107	5
Sedaghat	2017	Iran	Case-control		388	122	6
Sugiyama	2017	Palau	Case-control	—	1730	95	5
Bartakova	2018	Czech	Case-control	33 (29-36)	363	293	4
Egbe	2018	Cameroon	Cross-sectional	—	200	41	13
Feleke	2018	Ethiopia	Case-control	—	2257	567	5
Larrabure-Torrealva	2018	America	Cross-sectional		1300	205	15
Macaulay	2018	South Africa	Cohort	31 (27-36)	741	83	7
Macaulay	2018	South Africa	Cross-sectional	31 (27-36)	1900	174	15
Mak	2018	China	Cohort		1337	199	6
Nhidza	2018	Zimbabwe	Cross-sectional	—	150	10	5
Wu	2018	China	Case-control		4959	1080	6
Xiao	2018	China	Case-control	32 (29-34)	1585	599	5
Zaman	2018	Iran	Cross-sectional		520	260	16
Abualhamael	2019	Saudi Arabia	Case-control		196	103	7
Agah	2019	Iran	Cross-sectional	—	609	28	14
Asadi	2019	Iran	Case-control		278	130	6
Chakkalakal	2019	Tennessee	Case-control		89	40	4
Chen	2019	China	Case-control	—	9556	1464	4
Chen	2019	China	Case-control		249	123	5
Hrolfsdottir	2019	Iceland	Cohort		1651	264	6
Hu	2019	China	Cohort	—	1014	238	5
Huo	2019	China	Case-control		486	243	7
Ijas	2019	Finland	Cohort	—	24577	5680	5
Kouhkan	2019	Iran	Case-control		270	135	6
Li	2019	China	Case-control		496	248	4
Mak	2019	China	Cohort		1449	229	6
Muche	2019	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	—	1027	131	12
Olmedo-Requena	2019	Spain	Cross-sectional		1466	291	16
Rajasekar	2019	Vellore	Cross-sectional		225	75	16
Rajput	2019	India	Case-control		100	50	7
Telejko	2019	Poland	Cohort	31 (27-35)	1508	397	7
Wan (China)	2019	China	Case-control		3419	398	5
Wan (Australia)	2019	Australia	Case-control		28594	1181	5
Wang	2019	China	Case-control		1552	776	7
Yan	2019	China	Cohort		78572	13846	7
Yen	2019	China	Cohort	—	527	74	5
Zahra	2019	Pakistan	Case-control	—	200	103	5
Zhang	2019	China	Cohort	29.0 (27-32)	2093	241	5
Zhu	2019	China	Case-control		3110	399	5
Zhu	2019	China	Case-control		3289	429	5
Aburezq	2020	Kuwait	Cross-sectional		653	92	15
Alsaedi	2020	Saudi Arabia	Case-control		347	279	5
Bar-Zeev	2020	Ohio	Case-control	—	222408	12897	5
Basu	2020	India	Case-control		715	127	6
Dos Santos	2020	Brazil	Cross-sectional	—	2284	126	14
Francis	2020	USA	Case-control		321	107	7
Ganapathy	2020	India	Case-control		140	70	6
Giles	2020	Australia	Cross-sectional	—	671227	54805	12
Kong	2020	China	Cohort		1441	114	6
Lan	2020	China	Cohort		1910	620	6
Li	2020	China	Case-control		610	305	5
Mishra	2020	India	Case-control	—	373	100	5
Rayis	2020	Saudi Arabia	Case-control	30 (25-34)	259	48	4
Siddiqui	2020	Saudi Arabia	Cross-sectional		218	53	16
Yong	2020	The Netherlands	Cohort		452	48	5

GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus.