Associations between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms and Different Types of Diabetic Retinopathy Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis (PDR versus DM).

SNPs	Author and reference	Year	Country	Ethnicity	Sample size		Mean age (years)		Male (%)		Duration of diabetes(years)		Genotype		Allele (M/m)			OR(95% CI)		NOS	HWE
					Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	Case	Control	Dominant model	Recessive model	Allelic model
rs2010963	Khan et al. [11]	2019	Pakistan	Asian	252	573	51.9±11.36	54.32±10.04	44.44	47.64	12.01±7.69	12.73±9.23	23/28/22	38/49/24	74/72	125/97	0.64(0.33-1.26)	0.88(0.47-1.66)	0.80(0.53-1.21)	6	0.279
(G>C)	Kamal et al. [12]	2016	Egypt	Caucasian	12	34	58.1±7.5	53.9±8.6	16.67	17.65	13 (10-20)	4.5 (2.0-6.5)	2/3/7	8/20/6	7/17	36/32	1.54(0.28-8.53)	6.53(1.54-27.78)	2.73(1.00-7.43)	6	0.292
	Choudhuri et al. [14]	2015	India	Asian	105	102	53.4 ± 8.15	53.1 ± 7.86	54.28	53.92	17.2 ± 6.58	17.9 ± 5.76	47/41/17	64/34/4	135/75	162/42	2.08(1.19-3.62)	4.73(1.53-14.60)	2.14(1.38-3.33)	6	0.845
	Yuan et al. [22]	2014	China	Asian	108	144	60.66 ± 8.54	60.95 ± 9.96	37.04	48.61	11.52 ± 5.76	7.66 ± 5.90	24/56/28	49/64/31	104/112	162/126	1.81(1.02-3.19)	1.28(0.71-2.29)	1.39(0.97-1.97)	7	0.244
	Yang et al. [23]	2010	China	Asian	66	109	55.43+1.69	52.01+1.06	43.94	55.96	16.0+0.98	15.0+1.20	25/30/11	49/55/5	80/52	153/65	1.34(0.72-2.50)	4.16(1.38-12.58)	1.53(0.97-2.41)	6	0.032
	Chun et al. [24]	2010	Korea	Asian	145	134	58.6±10.6	58.3±9.5	40.00	38.81	12.9±8.2	13.7±6.6	48/73/24	43/69/22	169/121	155/113	0.96(0.58-1.58)	1.01(0.54-1.90)	0.98(0.70-1.38)	7	0.519
	Nakamura et al. [32]	2009	Japan	Asian	177	292	-	-	54.80	57.53	22.7±8.9	16.7±7.5	63/79/34	84/146/59	205/147	314/264	0.73(0.49-1.10)	0.93(0.58-1.50)	0.85(0.65-1.12)	6	0.760
	Petrovic et al. [33]	2008	Slovene	Caucasian	206	143	65.0 ± 9.9	66.9 ± 11.5	46.12	39.86	19.2 ± 8.7	16.5 ± 6.6	79/103/24	61/67/15	261/151	189/97	1.20(0.77-1.85)	1.13(0.57-2.23)	1.13(0.82-1.55)	7	0.589
	Uthra et al. [25]	2008	Indian	Asian	41	82	-	65.4 ± 8.9	-	62.20	-	19.6 ± 6.1	21/18/2	44/29/6	60/22	117/41	1.20(0.56-2.55)	0.62(0.12-3.24)	1.05(0.57-1.92)	6	0.690
	Szaflik et al. [26]	2008	Poland	Caucasian	82	61	60.7±12.9	67.7±7.9	41.46	32.79	21.5±8.8	12.4±7.2	9/56/13	6/46/6	74/82	58/58	0.89(0.30-2.64)	1.73(0.62-4.87)	1.11(0.69-1.79)	7	<0.001
	Errera et al. [34]	2007	southern Brazil of European ancestry	Caucasian	167	334	45.17±11.08	48.51 ± 10.05	40.12	60.18	15.22±8.39	12.81±7.48	57/73/37	139/155/40	187/147	433/235	1.38(0.93-2.03)	2.09(1.28-3.42)	1.45(1.11-1.89)	7	0.039
	Awata et al. [27]	2002	Japan	Asian	70	118	55.5 ±11.3	54.0 ± 15.1	50.00	51.69	12.7 ± 8.7	7.3 ± 6.8	24/30/16	47/59/12	78/62	153/83	1.27(0.69-2.35)	2.62(1.16-5.93)	1.47(0.96-2.25)	6	0.295
rs3025039	Choudhuri et al. [14]	2015	India	Asian	105	102	53.4 ± 8.15	53.1 ± 7.86	54.28	53.92	17.2 ± 6.58	17.9 ± 5.76	36/48/21	60/33/9	120/90	153/51	2.74(1.56-4.81)	2.58(1.12-5.95)	2.25(1.48-3.42)	6	0.166
(C>T)	Zhang et al. [28]	2011	China	Asian	82	92	59.96±9.89	61.55±10.4	51.22	47.83	9.37±4.51	9.61±4.48	57/20/5	46/34/12	134/30	126/58	0.44(0.24-0.82)	0.43(0.15-1.29)	0.49(0.29-0.81)	7	0.167
	Kim et al. [29]	2009	South Korea	Asian	37	277	-	-	-	-	-	-	15/19/3	226/51/0	49/25	503/51	6.50(3.15-13.40)	56.30(2.85-1113.22)	5.03(2.87-8.82)	6	0.092
	Uthra et al. [25]	2008	Indian	Asian	44	82	-	65.4 ± 8.9	-	62.20	-	-	35/9/0	65/17/0	79/9	147/17	0.98(0.40-2.43)	-	0.99(0.42-2.31)	6	0.295
	Awata et al. [27]	2002	Japan	Asian	70	118	55.5 ±11.3	54.0 ± 15.1	55.71	51.69	12.7 ± 8.7	7.3 ± 6.8	44/20/6	85/31/2	108/32	201/35	1.52(0.81-2.86)	5.44(1.07-27.73)	1.70(0.99-2.90)	6	0.664
rs833061	Khan et al. [11]	2019	Pakistan	Asian	252	573	51.9±11.36	54.32±10.04	44.44	47.64	12.01±7.69	12.73±9.23	32/24/23	57/71/65	88/70	185/201	1.24(0.70-2.19)	1.62(0.94-2.80)	1.37(0.94-1.98)	6	<0.001
(T>C)	Yuan et al. [22]	2014	China	Asian	108	144	60.66 ± 8.54	60.95 ± 9.96	37.04	48.61	11.52 ± 5.76	7.66 ± 5.90	63/36/9	78/51/15	162/54	207/81	0.84(0.51-1.40)	0.78(0.33-1.86)	0.85(0.57-1.27)	7	0.137
	Paine et al. [35]	2012	India	Asian	253	240	52±15.0	54±12.0	52.56	53.33	15±8	17±5	152/81/20	167/67/6	385/121	401/79	1.52(1.05-2.21)	3.35(1.32-8.49)	1.60(1.16-2.19)	7	0.814
	Szaflik et al. [26]	2008	Poland	Caucasian	82	61	60.7±12.9	67.7±7.9	41.46	32.79	21.5±8.8	12.4±7.2	2/44/36	3/34/24	48/116	40/82	2.07(0.34-12.78)	1.21(0.62-2.37)	1.18(0.71-1.96)	7	0.039
	Wang et al. [30]	2008	China	Asian	64	75	65.52±8.78	60.18±10.26	48.44	45.33	14.94±2.85	13.24±3.15	9/37/18	26/33/16	55/73	85/65	3.24(1.39-7.59)	1.44(0.66-3.14)	1.74(1.08-2.79)	7	0.367
rs1570360	Khan et al. [11]	2019	Pakistan	Asian	252	573	51.9±11.36	54.32±10.04	44.44	47.64	12.01±7.69	12.73±9.23	26/20/27	98/58/36	72/74	254/130	0.39(0.22-0.72)	0.53(0.30-0.93)	0.50(0.34-0.73)	6	<0.001
(G>A)	Choudhuri et al. [14]	2015	India	Asian	105	102	53.4 ± 8.15	53.1 ± 7.86	54.28	53.92	17.2 ± 6.58	17.9 ± 5.76	58/40/7	72/27/3	156/54	171/33	1.95(1.10-3.45)	2.36(0.59-9.38)	1.79(1.11-2.91)	6	0.809
	Chun et al. [24]	2010	Korea	Asian	145	134	58.6±10.6	58.3±9.5	40.00	38.81	12.9±8.2	13.7±6.6	92/49/4	81/46/7	233/57	208/60	0.88(0.54-1.43)	0.52(0.15-1.80)	0.85(0.56-1.28)	7	0.888
	Churchill et al. [36]	2008	European Caucasians	Caucasian	45	61	59.6(24-86)	55.3(24-97)	60.00	52.46	23.1(7-44)	24.6(14-50)	4/15/26	24/28/9	23/67	76/46	6.65(2.11-20.96)	7.91(3.14-19.89)	4.81(2.65-8.76)	7	0.858
	Awata et al. [27]	2002	Japan	Asian	70	118	55.5 ±11.3	54.0 ± 15.1	50.00	51.69	12.7 ± 8.7	7.3 ± 6.8	50/17/3	88/29/1	117/23	205/31	1.17(0.60-2.28)	5.24(0.53-51.37)	1.30(0.72-2.33)	6	0.403
rs699947	Shahin et al. [31]	2015	Egypt	Caucasian	44	74	51.18 ± 15.31	48.57 ± 11.09	50.00	43.24	16.36 ± 5.55	12.0 ± 3.24	12/32/0	30/40/4	56/32	100/48	1.82(0.81-4.09)	0.18(0.01-3.35)	1.19(0.68-2.07)	6	0.045
(C>A)	Chun et al.[24]	2010	Korea	Asian	145	134	58.6±10.6	58.3±9.5	40.00	38.81	12.9±8.2	13.7±6.6	71/68/6	92/36/6	210/80	220/48	2.28(1.40-3.72)	0.92(0.29-2.93)	1.75(1.17-2.62)	7	0.317
	Nakamura et al. [32]	2009	Japan	Asian	177	292	-	-	54.80	57.53	22.7±8.9	16.7±7.5	85/70/22	163/107/22	240/114	433/151	1.37(0.94-1.99)	1.74(0.93-3.25)	1.36(1.02-1.82)	6	0.449
rs13207351	Khan et al. [11]	2019	Pakistan	Asian	252	573	51.9±11.36	54.32±10.04	44.44	47.64	12.01±7.69	12.73±9.23	20/24/30	73/60/60	64/84	206/180	1.64(0.91-2.96)	1.51(0.87-2.63)	1.50(1.03-2.20)	6	<0.001
(A>G)	Churchill et al. [36]	2008	European Caucasians	Caucasians	45	61	59.6(24-86)	55.3(24-97)	60.00	52.46	23.1(7-44)	26.4(14-50)	29/7/9	21/29/11	65/25	71/51	0.29(0.13-0.65)	1.14(0.43-3.03)	0.54(0.30-0.96)	7	0.858

Mm: major/minor allele. Genotype presented as wild type/heterozygous/homozygous; −, not available; SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale; HWE, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.