Effect of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibition on Biomarkers of Kidney Injury and Vascular Calcification in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the two groups.
Gemigliptin ()
Control ()
value
Male (%)
55 (58.5)
52 (59.1)
0.937
Age (years)
0.881
Duration of diabetes (years)
13 (1-20)
11 (1-40)
0.493
Hypoglycemic agents (%)
0.064
No
3 (3.33)
9 (10.34)
Yes
87 (96.67)
78 (89.66)
Hypoglycemic agents (%)
Insulin (%)
34 (37.78)
37 (42.53)
0.519
Glipizide (%)
64 (71.11)
44 (50.57)
0.005
Pioglitazone (%)
34 (37.78)
29 (33.33)
0.537
Metformin (%)
43 (47.78)
37 (42.53)
0.483
Acarbose (%)
6 (6.67)
1 (1.15)
0.118†
Drug method (%)
0.238
Insulin
8 (9.20)
14 (17.95)
Oral hypoglycemic agent
53 (60.92)
41 (52.56)
Insulin+oral hypoglycemic agents
26 (29.89)
23 (29.49)
Hypertensive medications
ACEi/ARB (%)
57 (63.3)
40 (46.0)
0.020
Calcium channel blockers (%)
55 (61.1)
44 (50.6)
0.158
Beta-blocker (%)
30 (33.3)
38 (43.7)
0.157
Methyldopa (%)
2 (2.2)
5 (5.8)
0.272†
Hydralazine (%)
15 (16.7)
27 (31.0)
0.025
Alpha-blocker (%)
12 (13.3)
16 (18.4)
0.357
Body weight (kg)
0.296
Body mass index (kg/m2)
0.361
Hypertension (%)
78 (83.3)
67 (77.1)
0.495
Dyslipidemia (%)
33 (35.7)
32 (37.1)
0.897
Peripheral vascular disease (%)
0
2 (2.9)
0.455
Ischemic heart disease (%)
6 (7.1)
20 (22.9)
0.500
Data are presented as the or percentage. Chi-square test. †Fisher’s exact test. ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.
