Research Article
Residual β-Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes Followed for 2 Years after 3C Study
Table 1
Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of all participants in this study.
| Variable | Total cohort | Patients with residual β-cell function | Patients without residual β-cell function | value |
| Gender (female/male) | 101/100 | 38/36 | 63/64 | 0.928 | Age (years) | 24.77 (15.30, 33.50) | 24.29 (12.30, 34.70) | 25.10 (15.5, 33.6) | 0.870 | DKA at diagnosis | | | | | DKA | 88 | 26 | 62 | 0.158 | Ketosis | 35 | 14 | 21 | | None | 78 | 34 | 44 | | BMI (kg/m2) | | | | 0.766 | Duration of T1DM (years) | 5.12 (1.30, 6.60) | 3.85 (1.00, 5.85) | 5.38 (1.8, 6.8) | 0.049 | Age at diagnosis (years) | 18.72 (11.00, 27.50) | 22.95 (12.05, 29.55) | 16.36 (9.7, 25.3) | 0.002 | Presence of family history of diabetes | 66 | 25 | 41 | 0.836 | Hypoglycemia by 100 patient years | 50.44 | 48.36 | 61.36 | 0.535 | Ketosis (including DKA) by 100 patient years | 32.25 | 30.95 | 32.70 | 0.643 | HbA1c (%) | | | | <0.001 | HbA1c at diagnosis (%) | | | | 0.092 | Fasting C-peptide (pmol/mL) | 0.14 (0.07, 0.25) | 0.20 (0.09, 0.33) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.13) | <0.001 | Stimulated C-peptide (pmol/mL) | 0.29 (0.11, 0.48) | 0.57 (0.24, 0.78) | 0.10 (0.04, 0.17) | <0.001 | Positivity of GAD | 95 | 35 | 60 | 0.990 | Positivity of CA512 | 49 | 18 | 31 | 0.946 | Positivity of ZnT8 | 25 | 12 | 13 | 0.315 | Methods of insulin administration | | | | | CSII | 10 | 3 | 7 | 0.748 | 4 injection per day | 44 | 14 | 30 | 0.483 | <4 injection per day | 147 | 57 | 90 | 0.410 | Insulin dose (IU/kg.day) | 0.74 (0.50, 0.94) | 0.77 (0.5, 0.91) | 0.73 (0.50, 0.94) | 0.95 | Positivity of diabetic retinopathy () | 22 | 5 | 17 | 0.071 | Positivity of proteinuria () | 12 | 1 | 11 | 0.099 | Positivity of microalbuminuria () | 54 | 14 | 30 | 0.685 | BUN (umol/l) | | | | 0.568 | CHOL (mmol/l) | | | | 0.246 | CREAT (mmol/l) | | | | 0.253 | HDL (mmol/l) | | | | 0.723 | LDL (mmol/l) | | | | 0.932 | TRIG (mmol/l) | | | | 0.096 |
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DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis; CSII: continuous subcutaneous insulin injection.
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