Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Women with Diabetes in Pregnancy Treated before and after the Introduction of a Standardized Multidisciplinary Management Protocol

Table 4

Neonatal outcomes of infants delivered by women with diabetes in pregnancy who delivered before (group 1) and after (group 2) the introduction of a standardized multidisciplinary management protocol.

	Group 1	Group 2
	Before protocol	After protocol
	n: 55	n: 67
Birthweight, grams			0.214
1 min. Apgar score			0.537
5 min. Apgar score			0.110
Umbilical cord pH			0.105
Fetal macrosomia	11 (20)	4 (5.3)	0.012
Shoulder dystocia	3 (16.7)	1 (2)	0.056
NICU admission	21 (38.2)	17 (25.4)	0.173
Length of NICU stay (days)			0.642
Respiratory distress syndrome	10 (18.2)	7 (10.4)	0.297
Sepsis	7 (12.7)	3 (4.5)	0.183
Asphyxia	4 (7.3)	5 (7.5)	1.000
Hypothermia	2 (3.6)	2 (3)	1.000
Hypoglycemia	15 (27.3)	10 (14.9)	0.119
Length of hypoglycemia (days)			0.284
Need for respiratory support	9 (16.4)	9 (13.4)	0.799

NICU: neonatal intensive care unit admission. Data are given as number (percentage) or . Data were missing for 9 infants of group 2; therefore, the overall number of infants included in this group (: 67) is different from the number of women included in the same group (: 76). These number and percentages refer to women with vaginal delivery (group 1: 18 women–group 2: 49 women). Significant values in bold.