Delivery way: anxiety and depression increased the incidence of cesarean section in pregnant women with GDM Maternal and infant outcomes: anxiety and depression increase the incidence of adverse maternal and infant outcomes in pregnant women with GDM, including pregnancy vomiting, perinatal infection, hydramnios, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, maternal elevated blood glucose, neonatal preterm birth, low weight, hypoglycemia, and neonatal asphyxia
Blood glucose delivery mode Maternal and infant outcomes
Blood glucose: in the anxiety group, fasting blood glucose, blood glucose 2 hours after meal, and glycosylated hemoglobin were increased in GDM pregnant women Delivery way: cesarean section rate increased Maternal and infant outcomes: in the anxiety group, adverse maternal and infant outcomes were increased in GDM pregnant women, including postpartum hemorrhage and low neonatal weight
Blood glucose: fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin of GDM pregnant women in the anxiety group were significantly increased
Delivery way: cesarean section rate of GDM pregnant women in the depression group increased significantly Maternal and infant outcomes: adverse pregnancy outcomes were increased in the depression group, including premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum infection, macrosomia, neonatal asphyxia, and neonatal hypoglycemia
Maternal and infant outcomes: adverse pregnancy outcomes were increased in the depression group, including preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and preterm birth
Maternal and infant outcomes: adverse pregnancy outcomes were increased in the depression group, including preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and preterm birth
Maternal and infant outcomes: there was no statistically significant association between maternal psychological variables and maternal Hypertension during pregnancy, outcome of birth, preterm delivery, delivery type, or infant Apgar scores
GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; NDP: nondiabetic pregnancies; DM-1: diabetes mellitus type 1; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale; DASS-21: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale; NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.