Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 Diabetes

Table 4

Correlation between cognitive function test and olfactory identification, balance capability, and muscle strength in the type 2 diabetes group.

	MoCA	TMT-A	TMT-B	WCST (CA)	WCST (PEN)	QIDS	SAS
Open Essence	0.264*	−0.140	−0.244*	0.014	−0.028	−0.129	−0.078
OLST (eyes open)	0.149	−0.378**	−0.239*	0.202	−0.227	0.121	−0.091
OLST (eyes closed)	0.264*	−0.372**	−0.315**	0.291*	−0.180	0.032	−0.123
TUG	−0.124	0.175	0.264*	−0.124	0.300*	−0.090	0.152
IPS	0.415***	−0.187	−0.436***	0.374**	−0.352**	−0.036	0.044
Grip strength	−0.104	−0.076	−0.011	0.334**	−0.308**	0.060	−0.147
Knee extension strength	−0.016	−0.164	−0.132	0.179	−0.279*	0.029	−0.149
Knee extension endurance	0.055	−0.239*	−0.260 *	0.189	−0.272*	0.078	−0.123

, , and . CA: categories achieved; IPS: index of postural stability; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; OLST: one-leg standing time; PEN: perseverative errors of Nelson; QIDS: Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report; SAS: Starkstein Apathy Scale; TMT-A: Trail Making Test part A; TMT-B: Trail Making Test part B; TUG: Timed Up and Go Test; WCST: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.