Mechanism of Ferroptosis and Its Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 1

The pathway of Fe-S cluster deficiency in T2DM. Fe-S cluster deficiency affects the modification and function of tRNA, resulting in mistranslated proinsulin. This mistranslation can lead to ER stress and impaired insulin synthesis and secretion. Also, iron accumulation and more ROS production due to Fe-S cluster deficiency in mitochondria promote lipid peroxidation, further inducing ferroptosis in β-cells. Additionally, ROS directly impairs insulin synthesis and secretion.