Mechanism of Ferroptosis and Its Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 2

Selenoproteins, LOXs, and ACSL4 affect pathogenesis of DM in different ways. GPX1 and GPX4 are both selenoproteins. A decrease in GPX1 or GPX4 causes accumulation of ROS and lipid peroxides in β-cells. Excessive ROS and lipid peroxides in turn induce ferroptosis in β-cells. ROS also promotes glucose intake into skeletal muscles. An increase in LOXs or ACSL4 produces excessive lipid peroxides and then ferroptosis in β-cells as well. Although ACSL4 can promote insulin secretion in β-cells, it aggravates peripheral insulin resistance.