Metabolic Dysfunction in the Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: A Potential Target for Diabetic Nephropathy

Table 2

The partly regulation role of drugs that target the NLRP3 inflammasome in DN treatment.

Medication	Related mechanisms	Experimental subjects	Ref.
Metformin	Inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome; Improving phagocytosis, morphology, and function	Macrophages in T2D patients, APOE-/- male mice	[92–94]
SGLT-2is	Inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β axis	T2D patients	[99, 100]
DPP-4is; DPP-4is and SGLT-2is	Inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome; Inhibiting the NLRP3/ASC inflammasome	T2D patients, diabetic mice; T2D mice	[106]; [105]
RES	Inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis	Mice with IgA nephropathy, diabetic rats with renal I/R injury	[116–118]
IL-22	Inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β axis	T2D in Chinese urban adults, diabetic patients, DN mice	[122, 123]
TXNIP DNAzyme	Inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis	DN rats	[124]
Sar	Inhibiting NLRP3	DN rats	[125, 126]
Dabrafenib	Inhibiting the RIPK3/NLRP3 inflammasome axis	DN rat model	[127]
Quercetin and allopurinol	Inhibiting the caspase-1/IL-1β/IL-18 axis	STZ-induced DN	[56]
DHQ	Inhibiting the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome	DN rats	[128]
Catalpol	Inhibiting ASC/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β	DN mice	[129]
PIO	Inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-18/IL-1β	DN mice	[130]
Curcumin	Inhibiting caspase-1/NLRP3	DN mice	[131]

SGLT2: sodium glucose cotransporter 2; DPP4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; RES: resveratrol; Sar: sarsasapogenin; DHQ: dihydroquercetin; PIO: pioglitazone; TXNIP: thioredoxin-interacting protein.