Serum Antithyroglobulin Antibody Levels Are Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy among Euthyroid Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Hospital-Based, Retrospective Study

Table 1

General characteristics of participants stratified by the presence of DR.

Number (, %)	Total	Non-DR	DR	value
	1,145	719	426
Sex (female, %)	494 (43.1%)	305 (42.4%)	189 (44.4%)	0.52
Age (years)				<0.01
T2D duration (>10 years, %)	726 (63.4%)	443 (61.6%)	283 (66.4%)	0.10
Smoking (, %)	1,017 (88.8%)	635 (88.3%)	382 (89.7%)	0.48
Drinking (, %)	1004 (87.7%)	628 (87.3%)	376 (88.3%)	0.64
BMI (kg/m^2)				0.04
HR (per min)				<0.01
SBP (mmHg)				<0.01
DBP (mmHg)				0.06
Hypertension (, %)	579 (50.6%)	348 (48.4%)	231 (54.2%)	0.06
Hyperuricemia (, %)	113 (9.9%)	39 (9.2%)	74 (10.3%)	0.53
Dyslipidemia (, %)	604 (52.8%)	373 (51.9%)	231 (54.2%)	0.44
HbA1c (%)				0.04
FPG (mmol/L)				0.92
2h-PG (mmol/L)				0.14
FINS (mU/L)				0.73
2h-INS (mU/L)				0.18
FCP (pmol/L)				0.81
2h-CP (pmol/L)				0.19
HOMA-IR				0.43

T2D: type 2 diabetes; DR: diabetic retinopathy; BMI: body mass index; HR: heart rate; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HbA_1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; FINS: fasting insulin; FCP: fasting C peptide; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. The diagnosing criteria of hypertension were  mmHg or  mmHg or current administration of antihypertensive drugs. Smoking and drinking were defined as a personal history of smoking/drinking or current smoking/drinking, regardless of the frequency. Dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia were defined by the reference interval provided by the kit, and subjects currently taking lipid-lowering or hypouricemic drugs were also regarded as dyslipidemia or hyperuricemia patients. HOMA-IR was calculated as follows: .