Author, reference Study design/subjects Intervention Instruments/measurements Outcomes/finding Quality rating Swoboda et al. [14 ] Randomized pretest-posttest controlled study; adults with ype 2 diabetes ( One in-person motivational interviewing and decision support session followed by 7 biweekly telephone coaching calls (16 weeks) The 8-item diabetes self-efficacy scale measures at baseline and upon completion of the 16-week intervention ↑ In diet quality, diabetes self-efficacy, and diabetes empowerment, and a ↓ in diabetes distress and depressive symptoms Weak Galle et al. [16 ] Pilot quasiexperiment; 81 overweight type 2 diabetic patients Nine-month multidisciplinary community-based educational (motivational, nutritional, and exercise) program Satisfaction, worry, and embarrassment regarding their condition, together with disease-related behaviors and propensity towards physical activity ↑ Self-management and patient glycemic control, especially women and individuals with a higher educational level Moderate Soderlund et al. [17 ] Latinas ( Two one-to-one MI and PA sessions were conducted over 2 months PA, PA stage of change ↑ Adherence to PA in type 2 diabetic women Weak Pinidiyapathirage et al. [18 ] Quasiexperiment; women with gestational diabetes mellitus ( Participate in a survey 6–36 months postdelivery Postal and telephone surveys that collected socio-cognitive and physical activity data Identified predictors of physical activity among women with previous GDM Moderate Locke et al. [15 ] Pilot study, type 2 diabetes (T2D) randomized to HIIT ( Two-week 10 exercise sessions accompanied by a brief 10-minute counselling intervention Self-efficacy and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured at baseline. Postintervention and 24 weeks following a brief counselling intervention combined with either HIIT or MICT Both groups increased in their self-regulatory and task self-efficacy postintervention, but both groups demonstrated similar decline at 24 weeks Weak Gillison et al. [19 ] Pilot quasicontrol trial study; people at high risk of diabetes or heart disease ( Eight-month group-based sessions designed to promote motivation, social support, self-regulation, and understanding of the behavior change process Behavioral and physical activity changes were assessed by questionnaire at baseline, 4 and 12 months ↑ Self-efficacy and motivational factors related to dietary behaviors, it did not change the physical activity Weak Heinrich et al. [20 ] Randomized controlled study; thirty-three nurses and 584 patients participated Nurses training for motivational interviewing (MI) of diabetic patients aimed to develop behavioral Self-administered, written questionnaire with mainly validated scales on self-management behaviors at baseline, after 12 months and after 24 months MI had no significant effect on lifestyle behavior such as healthy diet, physical activity, and self-efficacy in patients Moderate
