Author, reference Study design/subjects Intervention Instruments/measurements Outcomes/finding Quality rating Gleeson-Kreig [21 ] Randomized pretest-posttest controlled study; adults with type 2 diabetes ( Six weeks of self-monitoring of exercise The self-efficacy and physical activity index scale measured at baseline and upon completion of the 6-week intervention ↑ PA self-efficacy after daily activity recording Weak Plotnikoff et al. [2 ] Randomized control trial; type 2 diabetic obese patients ( Home-based resistance training (3 days/weeks for 16 weeks) Muscle strength, glycemic control, and social cognitions (self-efficacy and intention) to perform exercise evaluated at baseline and postintervention ↑ Body strength, intention, and exercise self-efficacy Moderate Collins et al. [23 ] Randomized control trial; diabetic patients ( Home-based walking intervention for 6 months Self-efficacy for managing chronic disease scale, mean maximal treadmill walking distance Baseline evaluation showed an association between walking ability and self-efficacy, but intervention did not changed self-efficacy-related outcomes Moderate Nam et al. [24 ] Randomized control trial; adult patients with type 2 diabetes ( Exercise (combination of resistance and endurance training for 6-month, 3 times per week) Mood states questionnaire, health survey, exercise self-efficacy scale, and insulin sensitivity check index Low self-efficacy for resistance exercise was the most important predictor of patients’ dropout Moderate Chen et al. [22 ] Quasiexperiment; individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS) ( Three months of home-based exercise Baseline and postintervention evaluated metabolic risk factors and exercise self-efficacy Individuals without MetS had higher exercise self-efficacy than those with MetS; home-based exercise programs are beneficial for individuals at risk for diabetes Weak
