The Association of Postprandial Triglyceride Variability with Renal Dysfunction and Microalbuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus: A Retrospective and Observational Study

Table 1

Characteristics of study participants for the primary analysis with three indices of postprandial TG variability groups ().

Variable	Higher-SD group: ()	Lower-SD group: ()	value	Higher-Adj-SD group: ()	Lower-Adj-SD group: ()	value	Higher-MMD group: ()	Lower-MMD group: ()	value
Age (yr)	67 (60-75)	70 (63-77)	0.0014	67 (59-75)	70 (63-77)	0.0007	67 (59-75)	70 (63-77)	0.0013
Sex (male)	151 (57)	124 (48)	0.0334	147 (57)	128 (48)	0.0482	142 (54)	133 (51)	0.4597
Duration of diabetes (yr)	10 (5-17)	12 (7-19)	0.0157	10 (5-17)	12 (6-19)	0.0370	10 (5-16)	12 (7-19)	0.0126
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.2 (22.2-26.4)	23.0 (21.0-25.1)	<0.0001	24.2 (22.2-26.5)	23.1 (21.0-25.1)	<0.0001	24.2 (22.1-26.5)	23.1 (21.1-25.1)	<0.0001
sBP (mmHg)	130 (122-140)	130 (122-138)	0.9196	130 (122-140)	130 (122-138)	0.7489	130 (122-138)	130 (122-138)	0.8013
dBP (mmHg)	78 (70-80)	76 (70-80)	0.0583	78 (70-80)	76 (70-80)	0.0356	78 (70-80)	76 (70-80)	0.0649
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	73.3 (60.4-85.7)	73.0 (60.5-85.2)	0.5317	73.5 (60.4-85.7)	72.6 (60.5-85.1)	0.4393	73.2 (60.1-87.4)	73.0 (60.6-84.4)	0.6136
s-Cr (mg/dL)	0.74 (0.61-0.88)	0.71 (0.60-0.87)	0.3913	0.74 (0.61-0.88)	0.71 (0.60-0.87)	0.4962	0.74 (0.61-0.88)	0.72 (0.60-0.87)	0.6826
Maximum TG (mg/dL)	271 (215-356)	135 (110-166)	<0.0001	275 (216-360)	136 (111-167)	<0.0001	273 (216-357)	136 (110-166)	<0.0001
Minimum TG (mg/dL)	109 (81-145)	75 (56-102)	<0.0001	109 (81-145)	76 (57-102)	<0.0001	109 (81-145)	76 (57-102)	<0.0001
Mean TG (mg/dL)	183 (145-229)	104 (80-129)	<0.0001	184 (145-232)	105 (81-129)	<0.0001	184 (145-230)	105 (81-130)	<0.0001
SD	60 (47-87)	23 (16-29)	<0.0001	60 (47-87)	23 (17-30)	<0.0001	60 (47-87)	23 (16-29)	<0.0001
Adj-SD	54 (42-78)	21 (15-26)	<0.0001	55 (42-79)	21 (15-27)	<0.0001	54 (42-78)	21 (15-26)	<0.0001
MMD	155 (119-221)	58 (41-74)	<0.0001	158 (121-221)	58 (42-75)	<0.0001	157 (120-221)	58 (41-74)	<0.0001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	51 (43-60)	60 (51-69)	<0.0001	51 (43-60)	60 (51-69)	<0.0001	52 (44-61)	59 (49-69)	<0.0001
LDL-C (mg/dL)	98 (83-119)	97 (84-118)	0.9184	98 (83-118)	97 (84-118)	0.8720	98 (83-118)	97 (84-118)	0.7700
HbA1c (%)	6.6 (6.3-7.3)	6.6 (6.3-7.1)	0.3572	6.6 (6.3-7.3)	6.6 (6.3-7.1)	0.3671	6.6 (6.3-7.3)	6.6 (6.3-7.2)	0.6315
Smoking (current, past, never)	44 (17), 101 (38), 121 (45)	29 (11), 82 (31), 150 (57)	0.0173	43 (17), 99 (38), 118 (45)	30 (11), 84 (31), 153 (57)	0.0186	42 (16), 97 (37), 125 (47)	31 (12), 86 (33), 146 (56)	0.1392
Proteinuria (≥±)	115 (43)	88 (34)	0.0248	113 (43)	90 (34)	0.0214	113 (43)	90 (34)	0.0428
Statins intake	161 (61)	148 (57)	0.3732	159 (61)	150 (56)	0.2464	163 (62)	146 (56)	0.1466
Fibrates intake	11 (4)	1 (0)	0.0039	11 (4)	1 (0)	0.0030	11 (4)	1 (0)	0.0036
Cholesterol transport inhibitors intake	19 (7)	4 (2)	0.0016	19 (7)	4 (2)	0.0011	19 (7)	4 (2)	0.0014

TG: triglyceride; SD: standard deviation; Adj-SD: adjusted SD; MMD: maximum minus minimum difference; BMI: body mass index; sBP: systolic blood pressure; dBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; s-Cr: serum creatinine; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; maximum TG: the highest value of postprandial TG between 2012 and 2015; minimum TG: the lowest value of postprandial TG between 2012 and 2015. Mann–Whitney test. Pearson’s chi-square test categorical variables are presented as (%), and continuous data are represented as median (interquartile range).