Renal Protective Effects of Melatonin in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus-Related Kidney Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies in the meta-analysis.

Study	Species	Sex	Weight (g)	Age (week)	(T/no T)	Model (establish; modeling standard)	Treatment group (administration; dose; course of treatment)	Outcome index
Didem Onk (2016)^23	SD rats	Male			6/6	SIJ STZ (50 mg/kg, )	By intraperitoneal injection; 20 mg/kg/d; 1 week after establishing model (EM)	Scr
Eman (2019)^24	Wistar albino rats	Male	100-150		6/6	SIJ STZ (50 mg/kg, diabetes was confirmed by glucotest strips)	po; 10 mg/kg/d; 2 weeks after EM	Scr, BUN, GLU
Faruk (2006)^9	SD rats	Male		11	9/8	SIJ STZ (35 mg/kg, )	By intraperitoneal injection; 10 mg/kg/d; 8 weeks after EM	MDA, SOD
Elbe (2014)^18	Wistar albino rats	Male	300-350		7/7	SIJ STZ (45 mg/kg, )	By intraperitoneal injection; 10 mg/kg/d; 4 weeks and 2 days after EM	Scr, BUN, GLU, kidney weight, body weight, MDA, SOD, GSH, CAT
Ha (1999)^25	SD rats	Male		7	6/6	Vein injection STZ (50 mg/kg, urine glucose )	po; melatonin supplement by 0.02% melatonin in drinking water; 4 weeks after EM	GLU, body weight
Li (2019)^26	Wild-type (WT) mice	Male		8	6/6	SIJ STZ (50 mg/kg, diabetes was confirmed by glucotest strips)	By intraperitoneal injection; 20 mg/kg/d; 12 weeks after EM	Scr, BUN, UAER, kidney weight
Katarzyna (2016)^5	Obese diabetic ZDF rats (homozygous fa/fa)	Male		12	5/5	Obese diabetic ZDF rats (homozygous fa/fa)	po; received water treated with melatonin (20 mg/L) only during the 12-hour dark cycle to mimic physiological circadian changes in the hormone concentration in blood; 4 weeks after EM	Scr, BUN, GLU, kidney weight, body weight
Gumustekin (2007)^27	Wistar rats	Male	170-300		5/5	SIJ STZ (45 mg/kg, )	By intraperitoneal injection; 10 mg/kg; 5 days after EM	GLU
Anwar (2003)^12	SD rats	Male	200-225		12/12	SIJ STZ (60 mg/kg, )	By intraperitoneal injection; 200 μg/kg/d; 2 weeks and 1 day after EM	GLU
Cam (2003)^28	Wistar rats	Male	200-250		5/6	SIJ STZ (60 mg/kg, )	By intraperitoneal injection; 200 μg/kg/d; 4 weeks after EM	GLU, body weight, MDA
Fan (2020)a^29	db/db mice	Male		9	12/12	db/db mice	iv; 200 mg/kg/d; 4 weeks after EM	UAER, GLU, kidney weight, body weight
Fan (2020)b^29	db/db mice	Male		9	12/12	db/db mice	iv; 100 mg/kg/d; 4 weeks after EM	UAER, GLU, kidney weight, body weight
Fan (2020)c^29	db/db mice	Male		9	12/12	db/db mice	iv; 50 mg/kg/d; 4 weeks after EM	UAER, GLU, kidney weight, body weight
Abdulmonim (2020)^21	Albino rats	Male	200-250		8/8	Nicotinamide (230 mg/kg) was injected, followed by STZ (65 mg/kg) 15 min later,	po; 0.3 mg/kg/d; 8 weeks after EM	Scr, BUN, GLU
Ebaid (2020)^30	Wistar albino rats	Male	160-190		7/7	SIJ STZ (50 mg/kg, )	10 mg/kg/d; 6 weeks after EM	Scr, BUN, GLU, body weight, MDA, SOD, GSH, CAT
Motawi (2019)^31	Wistar albino rats	Male	150-200		10/10	SIJ STZ (50 mg/kg, BG 460-500 mg/dL)	By intraperitoneal injection; 200 μg/kg/d for 3 days before diabetes induction and continuously administered for 2 months	Scr, BUN, GLU, MDA, SOD, GSH
Farrin (2010)^32	Wistar rats	Male	180-220		8/8	SIJ STZ (50 mg/kg, )	By intraperitoneal injection; 10 mg/kg/d; 2 weeks after EM	CAT