The Different Insulin-Sensitising and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Palmitoleic Acid and Oleic Acid in a Prediabetes Model

Figure 4

The effect of oleic (OA) and palmitoleic acid (POA) on concentration of lipids (a) and products of lipid metabolism (b) in the skeletal muscle in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats; (c) the effect of OA and POA on activity of desaturases (desaturase indexes) in the skeletal muscle of HHTg rats; (d) the effect of OA and POA supplementation on fatty acid profile of muscle membrane phospholipids (PLs) in HHTg rats. Data are expressed as ; for each experimental group. Differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD-Fisher’s post hoc test. denotes significance reflecting the effect of POA vs. C; # denotes significance reflecting the effect of OA vs. C; , , , ^#, ^##, and ^###. TG: triglycerides; DAG: diacylglycerols; 14,15-EET: 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; 20-HETE: 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; D9D: delta 9-desaturase; D5D: delta 5-desaturase; D6D: delta 6-desaturase; MA: myristic acid; PA: palmitic acid; POA: palmitoleic acid; SA: stearic acid; OA: oleic acid; LA: linoleic acid; DHGLA: dihomo-γ-linoleic acid; AA: arachidonic acid; n3-PUFA: n3-polyunsaturated fatty acid; αLA: α-linoleic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DPA: docosapentaenoic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; PL: phospholipid.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)