Long-Term Metabolic Outcomes after Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): Results from the Odense GDM Follow-Up Study (OGFUS)
Table 3
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results and estimates of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function of women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM) without diabetes diagnosed before the follow-up assessment and controls (non-GDM).
pGDM ()
Non-GDM ()
Valid
Median (IQR)
Valid
Median (IQR)
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)
112
5.7 (5.2-6.2)
70
5.3 (5.1-5.6)
<0.001
30 min plasma glucose (mmol/l)
112
8.7 (7.5-9.5)
70
7.8 (7.0-8.8)
<0.0011
120 min plasma glucose (mmol/l)
112
7.5 (6.0-9.4)
70
6.2 (5.4-7.1)
<0.001
Fasting serum insulin (pmol/l)
112
88.5 (55.0-130)
70
56.0 (38.2-81.8)
<0.001
30 min serum insulin (pmol/l)
112
448 (258-660)
70
428 (306-575)
0.58
120 min serum insulin (pmol/l)
112
554 (296-925)
70
271 (196-435)
<0.001
Fasting serum C-peptide (pmol/l)
112
829 (674-1136)
70
654 (550-831)
<0.001
30 min serum C-peptide (pmol/l)
112
2187 (1660-2736)
70
2232 (1731-2645)
0.941
120 min serum C-peptide (pmol/l)
112
3439 (2533-4412)
70
2650 (2035-3365)
<0.001
HOMA-IR
112
3.2 (1.8-5.0)
70
2.0 (1.3-2.8)
<0.001
QUICKI
112
0.4 (0.3-0.4)
70
0.4 (0.4-0.4)
<0.001
BIGTT-
112
3.4 (1.2-7.2)
70
6.7 (3.7-9.7)
<0.001
Matsuda
112
7.8 (4.8-13.5)
70
12.4 (8.1-17.9)
<0.001
HOMA-β
112
113 (78.3-161)
70
87.4 (64.3-121)
<0.001
BIGTT-AIR
112
2286 (1558-3232)
70
2376 (1773-3195)
0.28
CIR
112
1144 (638-1697)
70
1443 (860-2208)
0.021
IGI
112
128 (67.7-187)
70
164 (99.1-221)
0.025
DI ()
112
939 (516-1491)
70
1776 (1144-2826)
<0.001
DI ()
112
8188 (4449-14320)
70
16912 (11081-28164)
<0.001
DI ()
112
7422 (2575-14549)
70
15949 (11255-20784)
<0.001
DI ()
112
46.9 (27.8-68.4)
70
65.4 (38.2-87.0)
0.003
DI ()
112
359 (199-625)
70
653 (429-1192)
<0.001
IQR: interquartile range; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; BIGTT-SI: BIGTT sensitivity index; Matsuda: Matsuda index; HOMA-β: homeostatic model assessment of beta cell function; BIGTT-AIR:BIGTT acute insulin response; CIR: corrected insulin response; IGI: insulinogenic index; DI: disposition index. 1Differences were tested with Student’s -test instead of Mann-Whitney test.
