Progress in the Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children

Figure 1

A review of anti-inflammatory and immunoregulation of 1,25(OH)2D on immune systems [27, 44]. ↓ or ㊀ represents downregulation, and ↑ represents upregulation. IFN-γ, interferon gamma; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; IL-2, interleukin 2; IL-4, interleukin 4; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-10, interleukin 10; IL-12, interleukin 12; IL-17, interleukin 17; IL-22, interleukin 22; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex-II; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.