Research Article
Predictive Ability of Visit-to-Visit Variability of HbA1c Measurements for the Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Longitudinal Observational Study
Table 2
Association of the risk of microalbuminuria with visit-to-visit variability of HbA1c, measured as 4 indices using a Cox proportional hazards model.
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The quartiles of each index are represented by Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4. The lower quartile is denoted as Q1, and the upper quartile is denoted as Q4. aAdjusted by age, sex, mean HbA1c over the 3-year period, duration of diabetes, SBP, LDL-C, and presence of ischemic heart disease and heart failure at baseline. bAnalyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. cAnalyzed using a bootstrap analysis based on 1,000 replicated datasets. HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; PS: propensity score; HbA1c-SD: internal standard deviation of HbA1c; HbA1c-CV: coefficient of variation of HbA1c; HbA1c-AUC: area under the HbA1c curve; HbA1c-HVS: HbA1c change score; SBP: systolic blood pressure; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. |