Research Article
The Impact of Systolic Blood Pressure, Pulse Pressure, and Their Variability on Diabetes Retinopathy among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Comparison of the general information between the diabetic retinopathy and the nondiabetic retinopathy groups.
| | Indicators | DR group () | NDR group () | value |
| | Female (number of cases (%)) | 239 (54.1) | 1425 (50.3) | 0.607 | | Age (years, ) | | | <0.001 | | BMI (kg/m2, ) | | | 0.140 | | Waist-to-hip ratio () | | | 0.938 | | Diabetes course (years, ) | | | <0.001 | | Smoking (cases (%)) | 126 (28.9) | 741 (28.6) | 0.473 | | Drinking (cases (%)) | 97 (22.2) | 623 (24.1) | 0.224 | | Exercise (cases (%)) | 245 (56.2) | 1568 (60.6) | 0.048 | | Macular edema (cases (%)) | 13 (3.0) | 12 (0.5) | <0.001 | | Cataract (cases (%)) | 231 (53.0) | 695 (26.8) | <0.001 | | Medication | | | | | Hypoglycemic drugs (cases (%)) | 352 (80.7) | 2 166 (83.7) | <0.001 | | Insulin (cases (%)) | 104 (23.9) | 726 (28.0) | <0.001 | | Lipid-lowering drugs (cases (%)) | 294 (67.4) | 1772 (68.4) | 0.410 | | Antihypertensive drugs (cases (%)) | 196 (45.0) | 1183 (45.7) | 0.544 | | HbA1c (%) | | | <0.001 | | Systolic pressure (mmHg, ) | | | <0.001 | | Diastolic pressure (mmHg, ) | | | 0.462 | | Pulse pressure (mmHg, ) | | | 0.001 | | MAP (mmHg, ) | | | 0.062 | | TC (mg/dl,) | | | 0.456 | | TG (mg/dl, median (upper and lower quartile)) | 126.00 (87.3, 173.0) | 124.0 (88.0, 176.3) | 0.645 | | LDL-C (mg/dl, ) | | | 0.074 | | HDL-C (mg/dl, ) | | | 0.035 |
|
|
Note: DR: diabetic retinopathy; NDR: nondiabetic retinopathy; BMI: body mass index; HbA 1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; MAP: mean arterial pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. a value; b value. |
