Journal of Diabetes Research

Research Article

Relation of Health-Related Quality of Life with Glycemic Control and Use of Diabetes Technology in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Results from a National Population Based Study

Table 3

Associations between Impact and Treatment scale scores and HbA1c, age, diabetes duration, sex, use of insulin pump and CGM in the valid sample (N =903 [children’s reports, age 10-17], N =998 [parent’s reports, age 10-17], N =342 [parent’s reports, age<10years]). Effect sizes beta (B) with 95% confidence intervals. Unadjusted and fully adjusted multivariate linear regression models.
Children 10-17 yearsChildren <10 years
Children’s reportParents’ reportParents’ report
Impact scaleB (95% CI), pB (95% CI), pB (95% CI), p
UnadjustedAdjustedUnadjustedAdjustedUnadjustedAdjusted
HbA1c [mmol/Mol]-0.24 (-0.32, -0.15),
p <0.001		-0.26 (-0.35, -0.17),
p <0.001		-0.23 (-0.30, -0.16),
p <0.001		-0.27 (-0.34, -0.19),
p <0.001		-0.13 (-0.32, 0.07),
p =0.212		-0.08 (-0.29, 0.12),
p =0.421
Age [years]0.81 (0.32, 1.30),
p =0.001		0.82 (0.30, 1.35),
p =0.002		0.89 (0.49, 1.30),
p <0.001		0.95 (0.52, 1.38),
p <0.001		-1.54 (-2.27, -0.80),
p <0.001		-1.57 (-2.40, -0.74),
p <0.001
Duration [years]0.06 (-0.24, 0.36),
p =0.694		0.13 (-0.19, 0.45),
p =0.423		-0.07 (-0.18, 0.32),
p =0.591		0.14 (-0.13, 0.40),
p =0.316		-0.48 (-1.22, 0.26),
p =0.201		0.17 (-0.66, 1.00),
p =0.692
Female sex-5.04 (-7.25, -2.83),
p <0.001		-4.60 (-6.84, -2.36),
p <0.001		-2.60 (-4.42, -0.78),
p =0.005		-1.56 (-3.39, 0.26),
p =0.093		-1.34 (-4.31, 1.63),
p =0.375		-1.51 (-4.49, 1.47),
p =0.319
Use of insulin pump-2.46 (-4.93, 0.02),
p =0.052		-0.92 (-3.46, 1.62),
p =0.479		-2.79 (-4.84, -0.75),
p =0.007		-2.02 (-4.11, 0.06),
p =0.057		1.72 (-1.92, 5.37),
p =0.353		3.28 (-0.58, 7.14),
p =0.096
Use of CGM-2.73 (-4.96, -0.50),
p =0.016		-2.23 (-4.50, 0.03),
p =0.053		-2.16 (-3.99, -0.32),
p =0.021		-1.63 (-3.47, 0.22),
p =0.084		-2.08 (-5.39, 1.23),
p =0.218		-3.32 (-6.76, 0.11),
p =0.058
Treatment scaleB (95% CI), pB (95% CI), pB (95% CI), p
UnadjustedAdjustedUnadjustedAdjustedUnadjustedAdjusted
HbA1c [mmol/Mol]-0.32 (-0.43, -0.21),
p <0.001		-0.28 (-0.40, -0.17),
p <0.001		-0.36 (-0.45, -0.27),
p <0.001		-0.35 (-0.45, -0.25),
p <0.001		-0.06 (-0.28, 0.17),
p =0.617		-0.01 (-0.22, 0.24),
p =0.955
Age [years]-0.76 (-1.40, -0.13),
p =0.018		-0.69 (-1.36, -0.02),
p =0.045		-0.45 (-0.97, 0.08),
p =0.098		-0.35 (-0.90, 0.20),
p =0.216		-1.86 (-2.69, -1.04),
p <0.001		-2.09 (-3.03, -1.14),
p <0.001
Duration [years]-0.34 (-0.73, 0.05),
p =0.088		-0.06(-0.47, 0.35),
p =0.781		-0.12 (-0.44, 0.21),
p =0.476		0.21 (-0.14, 0.55),
p =0.236		-0.35 (-1.18, 0.48),
p =0.404		0.38 (-0.56, 1.32),
p =0.423
Female sex-7.53 (-10.36, -4.69),
p <0.001		-8.02 (-10.90, -5.13),
p <0.001		-4.36 (-6.71, -2.01),
p <0.001		-4.05 (-6.42, -1.68),
p <0.001		0.07 (-3.28, 3.42),
p =0.967		-0.09 (-3.46, 3.29),
p =0.960
Use of insulin pump-3.48 (-6.68, -0.28),
p =0.033		-2.36 (-5.63, 0.92),
p =0.158		-3.60 (-6.24, -0.96),
p =0.008		-2.91(-5.62, -0.20),
p =0.035		2.15 (-1.96, 6.27),
p =0.304		1.65 (-2.74, 6.03),
p =0.460
Use of CGM1.91 (-0.97, 4.80),
p =0.194		1.48 (-1.44, 4.39),
p =0.320		-0.10 (-2.48, 2.28),
p =0.933		-0.66 (-3.06, 1.73),
p =0.587		-0.87 (-4.59, 2.84),
p =0.645		-1.74 (-5.63, 2.16),
p =0.381