Trends in Glycemia between 2002 and 2016 among Incident Youth Cohorts Early in the Course of Type 1 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

Figure 1

Mean hemoglobin A1c across incident youth cohorts with type 1 diabetes, overall and by race and ethnicity subgroup. (a) There was a small but clinically nonsignificant reduction in the fully adjusted overall change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) over time. (b) The interaction of time with race and ethnicity for HbA1c was not statistically significant, but racial and ethnic disparities persisted over time. In particular, mean HbA1c was higher among Black youth than among non-Hispanic White youth in all index years. The Other race and ethnicity subgroup includes youth with an Other, Unknown, Asian or Pacific Islander, or Native American race and a Hispanic ethnicity. Sample sizes for subgroups across index years ranged from -93 for Black youth, -117 for Hispanic youth, -30 for youth with an Other race, and -475 for non-Hispanic White youth. Abbreviations: Hispa—Hispanic; Other—Other or Unknown; White—non-Hispanic.

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(b)