Diabetes Mellitus and Clinical Outcomes in Carotid Artery Revascularization Using Second-Generation, MicroNet-Covered Stents: Analysis from the PARADIGM Study
Table 2
Study lesions and index procedure characteristics and in-stent velocities at follow-up.
DM ()
Non-DM ()
value
RICA (, %)
25 (55.6)
32 (52.5)
0.75
Both sides (, %)
4 (8.9)
1 (1.6)
0.08
Diameter stenosis; QCA (%)
0.34
Lesion length (mm)
0.15
Plaque type
Type 1 (%)
12 (26.7)
6 (9.8)
0.02
Type 2 (%)
16 (35.6)
17 (27.9)
0.40
Type 3 (%)
4 (8.9)
16 (26.2)
0.02
Type 4 (%)
4 (8.9)
14 (22.9)
0.06
Type 5 (%)
9 (20.0)
8 (13.1)
0.34
Type 1+2 (%)
28 (62.2)
23 (37.7)
0.01
Type 1+2+5 (%)
37 (82.2)
31 (50.8)
<0.001
Baseline PSV ()
0.65
Baseline EDV ()
0.58
Proximal EPD (, %)
27 (60)
22 (36.1)
0.014
Distal EPD (, %)
18 (40)
39 (63.9)
Direct stenting (, %)
3 (6.7)
6 (9.8)
0.56
Max. postdilatation pressure (; atm)
0.18
Postdilatation balloon catheter diameter (; mm)
0.09
Residual diameter stenosis; QCA (%)
0.84
Stent diameter (; mm)
0.57
Stent length (; mm)
0.25
Vascular closure device use (, %)
24 (53)
35 (57)
0.68
30-day follow-up
PSV ()
0.17
EDV ()
0.60
12-month follow-up
PSV ()
0.37
EDV ()
0.74
RICA: right internal carotid artery; QCA: quantitative comparative analysis; PSV: peak systolic velocity; EDV: end diastolic velocity; EPD: embolic protection device. Note that continuous variables presented as ; DUS plaque type according to Gray-Weale classification (type 1: uniformly unechoic or hypoechoic; type 2: predominantly (>50%) hypoechoic; type 3: predominantly (>50%) hyperechoic; type 4: uniformly hyperechoic; type 5: uniformly echogenic with posterior shadowing (calcified plaque)) [14].
