Understanding Daily, Emotional, and Physical Burdens and Needs of Parents Caring for Children with Type 1 Diabetes

Table 1

Characteristics of 1,107 German parents living with a child with type 1 diabetes.

Participating parent characteristics	Mean (SD) or (%)
	Mothers	Fathers
	(83.0%)	(17.0%)
Current age, years	43.9 (6.5)	46.0 (6.9)
Born in Germany	774 (84.7%)	155 (83.8%)
Professional qualification
University degree (associate degree and above)	278 (30.6%)	88 (47.3%)
Apprenticeship or traineeship	540 (59.5%)	84 (45.2%)
Other or no qualification	89 (9.8%)	14 (7.5%)
Living arrangement
With a spouse	725 (78.9%)	173 (92.0%)
Alone	194 (21.1%)	15 (8.0%)
Number of children
One child	231 (25.1%)	40 (21.3%)
Two	444 (48.3%)	86 (45.7%)
Three	172 (18.7%)	45 (23.9%)
Four or more	72 (7.8%)	17 (9.1%)
Youth characteristics
Current age, years	12.7 (3.9)
Gender (female/male)	501(46.7%)/571(53.3%)
Age at type 1 diabetes diagnosis, years	6.7 (3.6)
Youth clinical characteristics
Disease duration, years	5.9 (3.8) years
Most recent HbA1c, %/mmol/mol	7.67 (1.14)/60.27 (12.49)
Current use of CSII, yes	721 (65.4%)
Current use of CGM^†, yes	198 (39.5%)

Note: the % is calculated excluding missing values. ^†Total .