The Health-Promoting Effects and the Mechanism of Intermittent Fasting

Table 3

Information about IF and type 2 diabetes.

Information	Method	Sample feature	Results	Discussion
Turki [28]	Nonrandomized controlled experiments in humans	Patients with T2DM (); Healthy control ()	FM↓↓; MP, ghrelin, GIP, GLP-1, PYY, PP↑	Ramadan can reduce the body weight of diabetics effectively.
Arnason [29]	Randomized controlled experiments in humans	Overweight patients with T2DM	Glu↓; IR, IM (NA)	ADF can effectively improve key indicators such as BW and Glu in patients with T2DM.
Klempel [30]	Nonrandomized controlled experiments in humans	Prediabetes	BW, Glu, IR↓	MF can effectively prevent the occurrence of diabetes.

Note: NA: not analyzed; IR: insulin resistance; BW: body weight; FM: adiposity; MP: metabolic parameters; GIP: glucose-dependent insulin-releasing peptide; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; PYY: gastrointestinal peptide tyrosine; PP: pancreatic polypeptide; IM: inflammatory marker; Glu: blood glucose.