Association between Age at Type 2 Diabetes Onset and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Double-Center Retrospective Study

Table 2

Association of the age of diabetes onset with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes based on multivariate logistic regression analysis.

	Model 1	value	Model 2	value	Model 3	value
	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
<40	16.044 (12.049-21.362)	<0.001	6.573 (4.472-9.66)	<0.001	5.56 (3.731-8.285)	<0.001
40-49	5.654 (4.501-7.103)	<0.001	3.166 (2.382-4.208)	<0.001	2.751 (2.047-3.695)	<0.001
50-59	2.372 (1.919-2.932)	<0.001	1.73 (1.371-2.183)	<0.001	1.606 (1.263-2.042)	<0.001
≥60	Reference		Reference		Reference

Note: the analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; model 2: adjusted for variables in model 1 plus BMI, HbA1c, diabetes duration, and HOMA-IR; model 3: adjusted for variables in model 2 plus UACR, eGFR, education level, family history of diabetes, lifestyle factors (both smoking and drinking status), history of hypertension, history of dyslipidemia, and hypoglycemic drug use. Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; UACR: urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.