Association between Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiac Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 2

Comparison of echocardiographic indices in T2DM patients stratified by retinopathy status.

Indices	Total ()	NDR ()	NPDR ()	PDR ()	value
IVST (mm)					<0.001
LAD (mm)				^#	0.001
LV ESD (mm)					0.001
LV EDD (mm)					<0.001
LV EDV (ml)					<0.001
LV ESV (ml)					0.001
LV EF (%)					0.938
LVFS (%)					0.893
E velocity (cm/s)					0.258
A velocity (cm/s)					<0.001
E/A ratio					<0.001
Stroke volume (ml)					<0.001
E/A , (%)	659 (84.6)	367 (78.3)	228 (94.2)	64 (94.1)	<0.001

Note: data are expressed as or (%). Bold indicated value of . vs. NDR group. ^# vs. NPDR group. Abbreviations: LV: left ventricular; IVST: interventricular septal thickness; LAD: left atrial diameter; LV ESD: LV end-systolic dimension; LV EDD: LV end-diastolic dimension; LV EDV: LV end-diastolic volume; LV ESV: LV end-systolic volume; LVEF: LV ejection fraction; LVFS: LV fractional shortening.