Epigenetic Changes Induced by High Glucose in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells

Figure 12

MRTFA and AREG with others identified as upstream regulators. This figure shows the many upstream regulators with predicted significant differential regulation resulting from high glucose treatment based on the hypermethylated or hypomethylated states of their downstream targets, identified by IPA upstream regulator analysis. For example, MRTFA is myocardia-related transcription factor with and AREG is an autocrine growth factor and a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells, and fibroblasts with . Other significant upstream regulators with predicted differential regulation include NOTCH3 with , POU5F1 with , and HNFIA with . As described in our previous paper [16], a dashed line means indirect interaction, a continuous line means direct interaction, a line with an arrow means “acts on”, and a line with a bar at the end means “inhibits”. The relationships between molecules represented in the figure are based on effects reported in the literature, and the color-coding in the legend is used for correlation of known relationships with observed gene expression effects resulting from glucose treatment.