The rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes and its complications worldwide has caused a heavy economic burden on health. Effectively preventing and controlling diabetes is still a great challenge. Genetic factors, environmental factors, and gene-environment interactions participate in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications.

Although genetic factors are the entry point for precision medicine in diabetes, its effects can be strongly modified by environmental factors, including both modifiable factors (such as diet and intake of nutrients, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, obese, stress, etc.) and non-modifiable factors (such as ethnicity, age, gender, air pollution, environmental endocrine disruptors exposure, etc.). Moreover, parental environmental factors could also interact with genetic factors and influence the risk of diabetes in offspring. The cumulation of gene-environment interaction data can provide us novel insights into the precisive personalized prediction and intervention of diabetes and its related diseases. However, this field is still largely unexplored.

This Special Issue focuses on the research progress on gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis and prognosis of diabetes and its complications, and how they influence the effect of anti-diabetic therapy. Gene-environment interaction studies that inspire clinical applications in the management of diabetes are especially welcomed. We encourage both original research and review articles.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis and prognosis of diabetes (including type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and other types of diabetes, such as monogenic diabetes)
• Gene-environment interactions in the determinant of insulin resistance and insulin secretion capacity
• How the environmental exposures of parents interact with the genetic factors of offspring in diabetes
• Gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis and prognosis of diabetes complications
• How gene-environment interactions influence the effect of anti-diabetic therapy
• Models of personalized prediction and intervention of diabetes and its related diseases
• Biological mechanisms underlying gene-environment interactions in diabetes