A Review of Existing Microgrid Architectures

Table 1

Typical characteristics of common DG sources [5, 6].

Characteristics	Solar	Wind	Microhydro	Diesel	CHP
Availability	Geographical location dependent	Geographical location dependent	Geographical location dependent	Any time	Dependent on source
Output power	DC	AC	AC	AC	AC
GHG emission	None	None	None	High	Dependent on source
Control	Uncontrollable	Uncontrollable	Uncontrollable	Controllable	Dependent on source
Typical interface	Power electronic converter (DC-DC-AC)	Power electronic converter (AC-DC-AC)	Synchronous or induction generator	None	Synchronous generator
Power flow control	MPPT & DC link voltage controls (+P, ±Q)	MPPT, pitch & torque control (+P, ±Q)	Controllable; (+P, ±Q)	Controllable; (+P, ±Q)	AVR and governor (+P, ±Q)