Modeling of Sand and Crude Oil Flow in Horizontal Pipes during Crude Oil Transportation

Table 1

Values and variables used in the model.

Parameter	Field value	Scaled value
Sand and oil nominal velocities	(27.04 & 30.04) cm/s	(27.04 & 30.04) cm/s
Choke size	20%	20%
Base sediment and water	14.64%	14.64%
Tubing oil volume	802.52 m^3/d	802.52 m^3/d
Tubing head temperature	95°C	95°C
Tubing bottom temperature	80.33°C	80.33°C
Tubing head pressure	245.7 bars	245.7 bars
Produced water flow rate	182.6 m^3/d	182.6 m^3/d
Sand diameter	150–200 microns	0.05 m
Mass flow rate of sand	5.44E − 05 g/s	544 g/s
Sand density	1705.44 kg/m^3	1705.44 kg/m^3
Oil viscosity	0.0971 kg/m·s	0.0971 kg/m·s
Pipe diameter	5.44 inches (0.14 m)	0.10 m