Research Article
Flexural and Shear Behavior of FRP Strengthened AASHTO Type Concrete Bridge Girders
Table 1
Material models [
9] and properties for FEM.
| Model 1: concrete (linear and trilinear isotropic) | Density | 2400 kg/m3 | Modulus of elasticity | 34 GPa | Initial modulus of elasticity | 30 GPa | 28-day compressive strength | 48 MPa | Initial compressive strength | 34 MPa | Poisson’s ratio | 0.2 | Open crack shear transfer coefficient | 0.3 | Closed crack shear transfer coefficient | 1 | Uniaxial cracking stress | 4.33 MPa | Uniaxial crushing stress | −1 |
| Model 2: shear steel (bilinear isotropic) | Modulus of elasticity | 199.9 GPa | Poisson’s ratio | 0.3 | Yield strength | 414 MPa |
| Model 3: prestressing steel (linear isotropic) | Modulus of elasticity | 193053 MPa | Ultimate tensile strength | 1862 MPa | Poisson’s ratio | 0.3 |
| Model 4: epoxy (linear isotropic) | Modulus of elasticity | 2758 MPa | Poisson’s ratio | 0.4 |
| Model 5: CFRP (linear orthotropic) | Modulus of elasticity (primary direction) | 62053 MPa | Other modulus of elasticity | 4826 MPa | Ultimate tensile strength | 931 MPa | Poisson’s ratio | 0.22 | Shear modulus
| 3266 MPa
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