Elastoplastic Modelling of an In Situ Concrete Spalling Experiment Using the Ottosen Failure Criterion

Table 3

Material properties used in simulations.

Material	Thermal conductivity [W/m·K]	Density [kg/m^3]	Heat capacity [J/kg·K]	Poisson’s ratio	Young’s modulus [GPa]	Coefficient of thermal expansion [1/K]
Rock mass (3D)
Pegmatite (2D)
Concrete C35/45
Insulation

[26]. [27]. [32]. [28]. [29]. Based on quality assurance tests for sprayed concrete. [30].
Manufacturer quote. Arbitrary value. Insufficient amount of test results for PGR. Property for rock mass. Property for veined gneiss. Property for pegmatitic granite.