Membrane Fouling and Chemical Cleaning in Three Full-Scale Reverse Osmosis Plants Producing Demineralized Water

Figure 1

Key performance parameters NPD (a) and (b) of plant location I. Vertical lines indicate CIP. Horizontal lines indicate performance with new membranes [day zero]. From this installation, a lead element from the first stage was taken before (25.01.2011) and directly after the last CIP indicated (02.02.2011). Time points of membrane autopsies are indicated with dark grey arrows.

(a)

(b)